PHOBIAS

PHOBIA: It is an avoidance accompanied by inhibiting fear about an object or situation, which is not proportional to the danger and is recognized as meaningless by the person who experiences it.

There is no real danger and life is life-threatening. It is an extreme fear caused by heights, closed places, snakes, spiders, etc., accompanied by a discomfort sufficient to disrupt the flow.

SYMPTOMS:

Heart palpitations,

Chills (like goosebumps),

Blood pressure changes (blood pressure decreases in blood phobia),

Feeling like fainting (indicated by a feeling of darkening in the eyes),

Hot flushes and sweating (mostly cold sweats),

Feeling of fear or startle,

Sometimes desire to urinate,

Sometimes fainting

Shortness of breath

Blurred vision

Dry mouth

Phobias are examined under two headings:

• Specific phobias

• Social phobias

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SPECIFIC PHOBIAS:

• When encountering a specific object or situation or unfounded fears that arise when there is an expectation of encounter.

• The lifetime prevalence is 7% in men and 16% in women. Specific phobias often occur in the first 20 years of life.

• Avoiding encountering a fearful object or situation, and in cases where avoidance is not possible, being able to tolerate this situation only with extreme distress is one of the most typical features of this disorder. .

• In order to be diagnosed with specific phobia, the fear experienced must cause significant distress. It must create phobia or be intense enough to disrupt the person's professional and social functions.

• The appearance of specific phobia in children is not much different from that in adults.

• The importance of learning in the formation of specific phobias is greater than other types of phobias, that is, similar behaviors and reactions seen in the environment are learned by experiencing, and the learned reactions are shown in the face of the situation that creates the phobia.

 

COMMON SPECIFIC PHOBIAS:

• Snake

• Spider

• Height

• Animals (dog, insect, mouse)

• Elevator, closed areas

• Airplane

• Wind, storm

• Loud sound

• Driving

• Injection and blood

 

SOCIAL PHOBIIA

• It is an irrational, persistent fear of the presence of others.

• Social phobias can be generalized or specific depending on the distribution of feared or avoided situations. In people with generalized type, the onset of this disorder goes back to the early ages, and depression and alcohol use are more common in these people (Davison and Neale, 2004).

• The lifelong prevalence of social phobias is in men. It is 11% and 15% in women.

• The onset of social phobia is usually in adolescence, when social awareness and interaction with other people are thought to be much more important in a person's life.

• Social phobics feel like they are lacking and inadequate in many areas.

• These people lack self-confidence or lack self-confidence. They are lost people. In order to avoid being exposed to criticism coming from outside or that may come from outside, they do not enter the social environment, and they mostly say these criticisms to themselves.

• The phobic person usually tries to avoid situations where others will evaluate him, and he shows symptoms of anxiety.

• Public speaking, performing, eating out, using public restrooms, or doing any work in the presence of others causes extreme anxiety.

• When they enter a social environment and attention turns to them, they show some symptoms. Chief among these are facial flushing, not being able to control the movements of their hands and legs, wanting to get away from the place as soon as possible, showing expressions of boredom, looking around blankly as if examining the surroundings, keeping their head bowed in front of them to avoid making eye contact with anyone, etc.

    
1.     Social phobics make more negative attributions to social relationships.

2. Social phobics have a tendency to exaggerate and negatively denigrate their own social behaviors.
3.     Social phobics make excessive attachments to their own behaviors, and are often much more attached to the behaviors of other people.

4. They are very picky about themselves. Pleasant, positive, situations or events related to themselves are considered unimportant and put aside, while inadequate, insatiable events are remembered and emphasized for a long time. 5.     In social relationships, they look for a reason outside themselves in pleasant situations, but in disappointing situations They look for the causes of events in themselves.

 

CAUSES:

• The cause of phobias is a significant interpersonal problem in childhood. run.

 

TREATMENT:

• Seeking a cure for phobias It usually occurs when a change in occupational situation requires the person to confront a situation that he or she has avoided or despised for years.

• Psychoanalytic treatment usually aims to reveal the repressed conflicts underlying excessive fear and avoidance.

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• In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, corrective emotional experience is used.

 

TYPES OF PHOBIA

• Agoraphobia: Fear of open places or crowds

• Acrophobia: Fear of high places

• Amnesiphobia: Fear of losing your memory

• Anthropophobia: Fear of people

• Arachnophobia: Fear of spiders

• Asymmetryphobia: Fear of things that are not symmetrical

• Atelophobia: Fear of not being perfect

• Belonephobia: Fear of needles

• Dentophobia: Fear of the dentist

• Entomophobia: Fear of insects

• Erotophobia: Fear of sexuality

• Gametophobia: Fear of marriage 

• Hematophobia: Fear of blood 

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• Homophobia: Fear of homosexuals

• Cynophobia: Fear of dogs 

• Claustrophobia: Closed Fear of places

• Manyophobia: Fear of going crazy

• Nosocomephobia: Fear of hospitals

• Sociophobia: Fear of society and people in general

• Tanatophobia: Fear of death

• Tripanophobia: Fear of vaccination or injection

• Venustraphobia: Fear of beautiful women

• Thalassophobia: Fear of the sea or ocean 

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