Learning and Maturation: In general, elements related to maturation and learning play an important role in the child's first language development. In order for the child to be able to use the language fluently, he/she must reach a certain level of maturity and go through a qualified learning process.
Health: Speech is the creation and production of sounds through the vocal organs in the human body. It has two basic components: phonation, which occurs through the larynx and vocal cords, and articulation, which occurs through the oral structures (tongue, palate, lips and teeth). Suitable such physiological conditions are important for language development. Having normal hearing perception is important for healthy language development. Babies with hearing defects deviate from normal during the sound games period between 4-8 months, use fewer consonants, and creativity in sound production gradually decreases between 4-18 months. It has been stated that language development is disrupted (2). Visual perception is a determinant for language development, and the language development of children with severe vision loss begins later than those with normal vision. Severe and long-lasting disorders negatively affect the child's speech and cause delays.
Psychological health: The child does not grow up in a psychologically healthy environment, problems between spouses, comparisons between siblings and the child's emotional needs. If not fully fed, speech delays and disorders may occur.
Socio-economic status:Various studies have shown that children from families with high socio-economic levels have better sentence length, number of questions, and vocabulary compared to poor families. showed that they are further ahead in terms of The fact that the opportunities provided to encourage the child to participate in play and education groups with peers, to read books, to travel and to express their opinions are greater in families with good socio-cultural and socio-economic status has been associated with children growing up in these families speaking earlier and more clearly.
Speaking encouragement: Language acquisition is basically the same Although it follows the same order, the speed of this development is affected by the social environment. The verbal communication that adults establish with the baby in the early period forms the basis of learning the baby's native language. It is reported that the environment, and especially the richness of verbal stimuli presented to the child by the mother, will positively affect language development. Children who are spoken to and show interest are encouraged to speak. Parents should talk to the baby from birth and stimulate the baby's language capacity to emerge. When preschool children are read to, allowed to watch TV, and included in play groups, they become more encouraged to talk and their skills increase. Individual differences and gender: Each child's speech capacity is different from others. By 12 months, almost all children say their first words. However, this can vary widely; While some may achieve this in the eighth month, others may not be able to achieve this until the 18-month period. Learning to use language is a gradual process. The time it takes for children in the same family to learn to speak may vary. According to some studies, girls can learn the amount of speech, the type of words and the grammatical rules used earlier than boys.
Family-baby relations: Care Children growing up at home cry more than children growing up in families. But they spell less. Relationships between family members and good relationships between the family and the baby are important factors in language development. With the hypothesis that babies of mothers with mental disabilities are at risk in terms of language development, this group was supported with home education programs in the early period, and it was stated that increasing the interaction between mother and baby had a positive effect on language development.
Intelligence:Various studies show that there is a positive linear relationship between language ability and intelligence. It is claimed that the intelligence development of children who speak early is superior to others.
Game: When words or concepts are to be taught to a preschool child, they should be taught in a game. Play affects the child's emotional, physical and psychological While it affects motor development, it also affects language and logic development. During the game, he/she learns new words, objects, their functions and concepts without noticing from friends or adults.
Bilingualism: Children who live in environments where two different languages are spoken or who have to learn two languages initially develop slower than children who learn a single language. It is claimed that young children have a keen ear for the sound and auditory characteristics of a foreign language, and that individuals at older ages focus more on grammar, concepts and meaning when learning a language, and therefore young children are superior in learning a second language. As a result, all babies start learning language by first learning the sounds in the language used. While the order does not change in the process from sounds to syllables, sentences and the full understanding of the language, the speed of development is affected by all these factors.
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