The main characteristics of conduct disorder are a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the fundamental rights of others are violated or major age-appropriate social values or rules are disregarded. These behavioral disturbances cause clinically significant impairments in social, school, and occupational functioning. They exhibit low frustration threshold, irritability and anger attacks.
Conduct disorder in psychiatric institutions; It is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders in children admitted to both residential institutions and outpatient clinics. This rate varies between 30-50%. It is the most common reason for psychiatric evaluation in children and adolescents.
The frequency of conduct disorder in society has increased in the last 10-20 years is observed. It is more common in cities than in rural areas. In general population studies, rates ranging from less than 1% to more than 10% are reported. It is seen in 6-16% of boys and 2-9% of girls under the age of 18. Its prevalence in society is higher in boys than girls. The age of onset is lower in boys than in girls. An important finding is that conduct disorder is more common among children and adolescents from families with lower socioeconomic status and from families with higher rates of crime and social disorganization.
Conduct disorder involves a broad combination of behaviors rather than a single trait. A specific cause to blame for all cases has not yet been identified. Instead, risk factors for the onset and prognosis of the disorder have been identified.
Recent studies have shown that genetic and environmental influences may vary for different elements of the disorder. continued. Considering the prevalence among boys, the most obvious hereditary risk factor is gender. The role of sex-specific androgens is also of interest, especially with regard to aggressive behavior. This link may reflect a reciprocal relationship, as youth who are disappointed with low school performance show antisocial behavior, and the presence of disruptive behavior negatively affects academic achievement. Children with conduct disorder mostly come from families with low socioeconomic status and families that are either fragmented or dysfunctional. Individuals with alcohol and substance addiction and antisocial personality disorder are also frequently encountered in these families.
Parental rejection and neglect, cranky infancy, inconsistencies and pressure in care and education, friendship with delinquent child groups, exposure to violence in neighborhood relationships. Family history and various familial psychopathologies may lead to the development of conduct disorder in the individual. Youth who have been exposed to maltreatment, harsh discipline, and physical or sexual abuse are at greater risk for developing conduct disorder. Physical abuse and neglect are particularly associated with subsequent aggressive and violent behavior. Other negative parenting practices, including parental rejection, neglect, and lack of attention, are particularly effective in the development of conduct disorder. Outside of the parent-child relationship; Other family problems, such as poverty, marital discord, domestic violence, an alcohol- or substance-abusing parent, and a parent's mental illness, are associated with increasing rates of conduct disorder.
Sociological research shows that low socioeconomic status is anti-inflammatory at both the family and community levels. your social behavior It shows that it is effective in my work. Conduct disorder is found at higher rates in disadvantaged environments characterized by poor residential conditions, crime, substance abuse and disorganization. These factors not only put the family under stress, but also provide negative patterns and effects for the children. Exposure to violence, whether within the family, in the community, or through television and movies, is a consistently reported risk factor for the development of aggression and other antisocial behavior
There have been fewer studies on protective factors than on risk factors. The fact that many children do not develop conduct disorder despite high risk factors has led to research on the existence of protective factors. Protective factors, such as female gender, having a high IQ, high autonomic arousal, or a calm disposition, are the opposite of risk factors. Some protective factors are factors that balance risk factors, such as having a positive relationship with at least one parent or adult. A relationship with a supportive partner or spouse who does not have behavioral disorders also provides a positive and corrective effect. Other protective factors; It includes having extracurricular skill areas and good academic skills, and using planning to deal with different situations. An important area of protection is seen as developing mutual interpersonal relationships, such as establishing relationships with others.
It is observed that accident rates are higher in individuals with conduct disorder than in those without. It is often manifested by the early onset of sexual behavior, the use of alcohol, cigarettes, illegal substances, and risky impulsive behavior. Illegal drug use can lead to permanent conduct disorder. It also increases the risk of �. Conduct disorder causes expulsion from school, incompatibility in working life, legal difficulties, and these individuals also carry sexually transmitted diseases, are exposed to unplanned pregnancy, and physical injuries due to accidents and fights. Suicide thoughts, suicide attempts and completed suicides are higher than expected.
Research shows that conduct disorder detected in adolescence paves the way for a negative course in adult life, but there are also studies contrary to this.
Conduct disorder diagnosed. Adolescents are generally children who have difficulties in the transition to adulthood and are at risk for an unfavorable adult life. The situations these adolescents face in adult life are as follows; low educational achievement, high unemployment rate, excessive use of social services, teenage parenthood, tendency to crime, alcohol or substance addiction, social dysfunction, mental and mental health problems.
The course of conduct disorder is quite variable. In most individuals, the disorder resolves in adulthood, but a smaller proportion of behaviors continue to occur into adulthood and meet diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Early onset is associated with poor outcome and increases the risk of antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorders in adulthood. Individuals with conduct disorder are at increased risk for future mood or anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, and substance use disorders.
Longitudinal studies have found 45% to even after 3-4 years. It showed that conduct disorder is an increasingly stable diagnosis, as >90% reported that the diagnostic criteria were met. research latest Results show that approximately 40% of those diagnosed with conduct disorder go on to exhibit antisocial personality disorder, and many of those who do not report significant functional impairment at work and in their relationships.
Symptoms
Aggression towards people and animals:
- Bullying, intimidating or intimidating others most of the time
- Most of the time starting a fight
- Using a weapon that will cause serious physical injury to others (e.g. stick, rock, broken bottle, knife, gun)
- Towards people Being physically cruel to animals
- Being physically cruel to animals
- Stealing in front of someone else (e.g. attacking and robbing, snatching a bag and running away, taking by intimidation, armed robbery)
- Forcing someone to engage in sexual activity
Destruction of property:
- Serious damage Willingly setting a fire with the intention of causing harm
- Willingly damaging others' property or property (other than setting a fire)
Fraud or theft:
- Breaking into someone else's house, building, or car
- Often lying to get something, gain a benefit, or avoid obligations
- Stealing valuable things without anyone seeing (e.g. stealing goods from stores without breaking or entering, fraud)
Serious breaking of the rules ( disregard)
- Starting before the age of 13, often spending the night outside despite the family's prohibitions
- Having parents or their parents Running away from home at night at least twice while living in the home of their captors (or once if not returning for a long time)
- Frequently escaping from school, starting before the age of 13
Conduct disorder, type starting in childhood: At least one symptom specific to Conduct Disorder started before the age of 10.
Conduct disorder, type starting in adolescence: No symptoms specific to Conduct Disorder have appeared before the age of 10.
Psychotic disorders can sometimes mimic conduct disorder by manifesting with physical aggression and other antisocial behaviors. There are no antisocial behaviors in oppositional defiant disorder, but the occurrence of such behaviors that do not yet meet the diagnostic criteria may indicate the beginning of conduct disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by extremely disruptive behavior that does not comply with rules or expectations, and the relationship between conduct disorder and ADHD is a subject of widespread research. The co-occurrence of the two disorders has suggested that they represent a single condition, but clinical research has resulted in the generally accepted view that the two are separate but related disorders.
ADHD' There is evidence that when conduct disorder actually occurs in children with autism, the onset of antisocial behavior is earlier than usual and the subsequent course is more severe. Numerous studies indicate a strong connection between substance use and conduct disorder, indicating a reciprocal interaction. Many studies suggest that conduct disorder may be associated with the onset of substance use. It shows that it predates or coincides with the same period. Mood and anxiety disorders also have important interactions. Although children with anxiety disorders without behavioral problems have a lower risk of developing conduct disorder in adolescence, children and adolescents with conduct disorder have an increased risk of anxiety disorders.
Depression symptoms and antisocial behavior are often combined in adolescents.
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