Diabetes, known as diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar and is one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into cells to use for energy or to store it. In diabetes, your pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or your body cannot use the insulin produced effectively. This causes your blood sugar to rise. Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys and other organs.
There are two main types of diabetes, type 1 (Type I DM) and type 2 diabetes (Type II DM). Three main symptoms of diabetes:
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polydipsia (frequent thirst)
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polyphagia (frequent hunger)
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polyuria (frequent urination)
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In addition to this, diabetes; It can cause many complications such as diabetic foot, ketoacidosis, eye, kidney and nerve damage, nonketotic hyperosmolarity, delayed wound healing and various infections in the tissues.
Diagnosis:
Diabetes diagnosis according to Diabetes Mellitus and Complications Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up Guide of Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism;
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Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL,
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2nd hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg in 75 g oral glucose tolerance test /dL,
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Conditions such as random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL,
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HbA1C ≥ 6.5% with diabetes symptoms The presence of one is sufficient to diagnose diabetes.
Eating well and regular physical activity are the most effective ways to manage diabetes. How you eat affects your cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure, blood sugar level, inflammation in your body. Maintaining your blood sugar control prevents and slows down the development of diabetes-related complications. For this reason, it is very important to keep your blood sugar level at an optimal level.
Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, vegetarian diet and low carbohydrate diet are recommended diets to control diabetes. IR (insulin resistance) of the Mediterranean and DASH diet, It is stated that it is effective in diabetes by affecting lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Heart Association recommend the Mediterranean diet to provide glycemic control and improve cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with Type II DM.
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