General information about the adenoid, tonsil and pharynx region
Infection and inflammation of the pharynx (throat), tonsil and nasal region constitute an important part of childhood diseases. The frequency of these infections often results in adenoidectomy (adenoid surgery) and tonsillectomy (tonsillectomy), which are among the most common surgeries of childhood. Lingual tonsil, adenoid and tonsils are part of a lymphatic ring (Waldeyer's tonsillar ring). The elements of this ring have similar properties and functions. It is one of the first steps of the defense system of the upper respiratory tract. Tonsil tissue differs from other lymphatic tissues in this region in that it is surrounded by a capsule and is the largest lymphatic tissue in the region. Inside the tonsil, there are crypts consisting of tubules that end in the blind spot.
Adenoid is the lymphatic tissue located in the nasal area. Adenoid is the tissue that every person should have. It begins to form at 7 weeks of pregnancy and continues to grow until the age of 5. Adenoids and tonsils contribute to the secretory immune system by mostly secreting B lymphocytes. Tonsils make the most active contribution to the immune system between the ages of 4-10.
What is the normal oral flora?
In the mouth, tongue, teeth, gums and throat area. The bacteria that are found, are not harmful and cover the surface are the normal flora of this region. Normal flora can be thought of as vegetation. They prevent harmful bacteria and viruses from settling in this area.
What are the infections of the nasal, pharynx and throat area?
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites cause infection in this area.
The most common ear, nose and throat infection in children is the common cold. This condition is caused by viruses. The viruses that cause colds are numerous and diverse. (rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, reovirus and respiratory syncytial virus). And each of these viruses has its own signs and symptoms.
Infectious mononucleosis (kissing disease) high fever, general malaise, enlarged, swollen, dirty gray tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing. It manifests itself through hunger complaints. The appearance of small bleeding spots in the junction of the soft palate and hard palate is reminiscent of this disease, but is not diagnostic. It may cause liver and spleen enlargement and deterioration of functions. Diagnosis is made based on the patient's clinic, examination and some laboratory tests. Treatment is symptomatic (directed to the symptoms). Recovery may take weeks. Antibiotics may be used if secondary bacterial infections are associated. Ampicillin group antibiotics may cause rashes, so they are not used. If the tonsils become severely enlarged enough to endanger breathing, steroid treatment and tonsillectomy (tonsillectomy) or tracheotomy (making a hole in the windpipe) may be required.
In cases of immune deficiency or secondary to antibiotic use, Candida group fungal infections may occur in the mouth. . This group of infections is treated with appropriate antifungal drugs.
Diphtheria is rare in societies where vaccinations are performed regularly and appropriately. In early onset, a white membrane is seen above the tonsil in the throat. The infection can spread to the tonsils and larynx. Swelling and the resulting membrane in the larynx may cause airway obstruction. Early diagnosis is important. Initial treatment is to neutralize the toxin circulating in the blood with antitoxin. Afterwards, high dose penicillin treatment is given. It may cause neurological (nervous system involvement) conditions such as myocarditis (infection of the heart muscle), Gullian-Barre syndrome and poliomyelitis.
Tonsillitis (beta infection of the throat)
Group A streptococci are the most common bacterial infection of the tonsils. It is a public health problem due to its possibility of causing acute rheumatic fever (heart rheumatism) and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (renal rheumatism). Since the introduction of antibiotics, this group of diseases is now rare. Beta infection of the throat is a common disease of childhood and is most common in the 5-6 age group. It manifests itself with dry throat, general malaise, fever, chills, feeling of fullness in the throat, difficulty in swallowing, painful swallowing, earache, headache, pain in the legs and waist, swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck area. ir. Diagnosis is made by clinical findings, throat culture and rapid antigen test. It is treated with the appropriate antibiotic group.
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