Birth control is the ability of the couple to have as many children as they want, whenever they want. Birth control methods are used to ensure planned pregnancies and to protect against the medical risks of pregnancy. Uncontrolled successive births, having many children, and ending unwanted pregnancies with abortion harm the health of the mother. It negatively affects his psychology. For women's health, it is recommended that there be a minimum of 2 years between births.
How to choose the birth control method? What should be the ideal method of protection?
Various protection methods are available. When choosing a contraceptive method, spouses should consult a doctor together. The doctor evaluates the couple's health conditions, lifestyle, family and medical history and recommends appropriate birth control methods for them. A method that both spouses adopt is chosen.
The ideal contraceptive method
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It should be highly effective
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It should be easy to apply
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It should require less user attention
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When discontinued, fertility should return immediately or in a short time
Birth control methods
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Natural methods
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Hormonal methods
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Intrauterine devices
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Mechanical (barrier) methods
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Male and female sterilization is included.
Natural methods are widely used in society, but they are not recommended by us. Included here are the “withdrawal” method, breastfeeding and calendar methods. These methods are not recommended because they have low reliability. In the “withdrawal” method, some semen may pass into the vagina uncontrollably before ejaculation.
Active breastfeeding has some contraceptive effect. In breastfeeding women, the level of prolactin, known as the milk hormone, is high. This hormone also protects against pregnancy by suppressing ovulation. However, in 20% of women, ovulation begins in the 3rd month after birth, and ovulation usually occurs before menstruation. In this case, the breastfeeding woman may become pregnant unexpectedly before menstruation.
The calendar method is based on determining the days of the woman's 28-day menstrual period (cycle) where pregnancy can occur. reprimand However, it is not always possible to predict the exact time of ovulation in advance and this method has a high failure rate and is not recommended.
Hormonal methods
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Hormonal methods. pills (oral contraceptives)
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Hormone implants
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Vaginal rings with hormones
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Hormone injections
Oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
Combined oral here contraceptives (COCs) and pills we call “mini pills” that contain only progestin. Combined oral contraceptives contain the hormones estrogen and progesterone, while mini pills contain only the hormone progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone are the two main female hormones. The mechanism of action of combined birth control pills is to prevent ovulation, to prevent sperm passage by thickening the mucus in the cervix, to make the inner layer of the uterus unsuitable for pregnancy, and to prevent the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus. It is usually in the form of 21 or 28 tablets. Those with 21 tablets generally have the same amount of hormone combination in all pills. The medication should be started on the first day of menstruation and taken at the same time. After the box is finished, menstrual bleeding occurs within 2-3 days. The new box of the medicine should be started after 7 days of pill-free period. Birth control pills, which are 28 tablets, are made for ease of use, the last pills are hormone-free. In this case, the patient continues without stopping the medication and switches to the new box. If the patient forgets to take the birth control pill one day, we recommend that she take the forgotten tablet as soon as she remembers, and take that day's pill at the right time. This does not reduce the protection. However, if you forget to take the medicine for two days in a row, it is recommended to take the forgotten pills as soon as you remember, take the next pill on time, and protect it with an additional method for 1 week.
Aside from the protection of using birth control pills, What are its effects?
Apart from protection
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It regulates menstruation. It is especially beneficial for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and also provides psychological relief.
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It reduces the risk of anemia due to iron deficiency by reducing menstrual bleeding.
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Reduces menstrual pain.
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Reduces the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease
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Reduces the formation of ovarian cysts and benign breast diseases.
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Increases bone density.
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It reduces the risk of ovarian, uterine and colon cancer.
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Some studies have reported an increase in the risk of cervical and breast cancer. However, since these findings cannot be proven, studies on this subject continue.
In what cases should combined birth control pills not be used?
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Vascular diseases and clotting problems
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Heart diseases and hypertension
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Active liver disease and liver tumor
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Breast cancer
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Migraine
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First postpartum 6 weeks
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Breastfeeding mothers (affects the quality and quantity of milk)
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Smokers over the age of 35
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Diabetes
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Epilepsy
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Those with kidney failure.
Mini pleats are one of our first choices for breastfeeding women. It contains only progesterone. It does not negatively affect the quality and quantity of milk. You just need to be more careful about taking the medicine on time. Mini pili do not prevent ovulation, they affect the cervical secretion and the inner layer of the uterus. Irregular bleeding may be seen as side effects.
Hormone injections
Monthly or quarterly injections containing progesterone are other methods of protection. The disadvantages are irregular bleeding, decrease in bone density, and most importantly, late return to fertility.
Hormone implantscontain the progesterone hormone and are soft capsules placed under the skin. It releases the hormone over the years.
Transvaginal rings are placed into the vagina. These rings prevent ovulation by secreting a certain dose of hormones daily.
Intrauterine devices (spirals)
There are intrauterine devices with and without hormones. The hormonal one is generally worn for therapeutic purposes. It also has a contraceptive effect. Hormonal-free IUDs cause sterile inflammation (germless infection) in the uterus, preventing the embryo from attaching to the uterus. s. It is worn during menstrual bleeding. The reason for this is to ensure that there is no pregnancy and that the cervix is suitable for the procedure during menstruation. The patient does not need to take anesthesia while the spiral is inserted.
Aspects of using the spiral:
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It does not require much attention for the user.
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Fertility returns immediately after the IUD is removed.
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It is effective for a long time.
Disadvantages are painful menstruation, pain in the groin, increased menstrual bleeding, and the possibility of the spiral falling out during menstruation (in the first month).
Barrier methods
Condoms and diaphragm (female condom is placed in the cervix before intercourse). Barrier methods prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
Sterilization is the connection of sperm ducts in men and tubes in women. It is not irreversible. In cases where reversal surgeries fail, couples can have children with microinjection and in vitro fertilization treatment.
Emergency contraception. Contraception methods after unprotected sexual intercourse
Unprotected sexual intercourse Pregnancy is prevented by taking high-dose combined birth control pills or high-dose progestin-containing pills within the first 72 hours after pregnancy. If the patient comes to the doctor on the 5th - 6th day after unprotected intercourse, IUD insertion may be recommended.
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