Psychotic Diseases include brain diseases that disrupt a person's assessment of reality. "Schizophrenia", which almost everyone knows, is the most important and most common disorder of this group.
Psychosis symptoms are seen in different ways in everyone. and in this context it is not correct to give a specific name or label to a psychotic illness in its early stages. When symptoms of psychosis appear in a person for the first time, it is especially difficult to diagnose what type of psychotic disorder it is, since many factors that determine the disease are still unclear at this stage. However, it would be helpful to know some of the psychotic illnesses you may encounter.
Organic Psychosis
Symptoms of psychotic disorders can sometimes be caused by brain injury or brain inflammation, such as AIDS or a brain tumor. It may occur due to physical diseases that affect the functions of the brain. Usually, other symptoms such as memory disorders or mental confusion are also observed.
Short-Term Reactive Psychosis
In this type of psychosis, psychotic symptoms run in the family. It occurs suddenly in response to a major stress in a person's life, such as the death of someone or a change in living conditions. The symptoms can be very severe, but the person recovers within a few days. If the psychotic symptoms that occur following significant psychosocial stresses do not exceed a period of several hours to two weeks, this acute psychotic picture can be diagnosed as "brief reactive psychosis". The onset is sudden, but since it occurs in people who previously had serious personality and adaptation problems, it would be more accurate to call it a chronic structural disorder. Behaviors during a psychotic episode are often strange and incomprehensible, contrary to social norms.
Delusional Disorder
In this case, the main problem is that the person has a strong feeling for unreal things. It is a belief.
“Paranoid Disorder” is a psychotic disorder and is a serious mental disorder characterized by doubts at the level of delusion (delirium) without any obvious affective or thought disorders. They are angry and tense people who perceive others as a threat. They are not aware that they are sick. That's why they don't want to get help. accept it Even so, they argue that the source of the problem is definitely others. They do not trust those who want to help them.
Psychosis Due to Substance Abuse
The emergence of psychotic disorder symptoms may be related to alcohol and substance use or withdrawal. Sometimes these symptoms continue as long as the substance is used and disappear quickly when the effect of the substance wears off. Sometimes, they may continue despite the cessation of substance or alcohol use. It is known that in some cases, psychosis develops even with single-use substance use (e.g. marijuana).
Schizophreniform Disorder
This is completely similar to schizophrenia, except that the symptoms last less than six months. It is a psychotic disorder.
Schizoaffective Disorder
This type of schizophrenia diagnosis is based on the simultaneous or consecutive occurrence of mood disorder (depression or mania) and psychosis symptoms. is done in case. In other words, the manifestation of the disease is not a typical mood disorder or schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a condition that impairs the ability to evaluate reality. It is a brain disease. The incidence rate in the society is approximately 1%. The rate of men and women being affected is equal. The age of first onset is usually between 18 and 35 years old. It may start slightly earlier in men (average age 15-25) than in women (average age 25-35). Schizophrenia affects the ability to evaluate reality, control emotions, think clearly, make judgments and communicate. It has no relationship with intelligence level.
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disease in which behavioral changes or symptoms last for at least six months. The symptoms and duration of the disease vary from person to person. Contrary to previous popular belief, many people with schizophrenia live happy and fulfilling lives, and most make a full recovery.
Psychosis affects the pathways (communication circuits) in the brain, the receptors, the communication called neurotransmitters. It is caused by imbalances in the substances that provide energy (Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, etc.). It may be structural, developmental, genetic, or it may be triggered by external factors: head trauma, past and sudden life events, viruses and some substances (cannabis, drugs, bonzai, etc.). It is stitched. In summary, it is a complex brain disease that is multifactorial and many genes are responsible.
Many medical diseases are more common in patients with schizophrenia. Diabetes and cancer are much more common. Their average lifespan is ten years shorter than the general population.
Significant advances have been made in treatment in recent years. In particular, drugs that reduce increased dopamine in the brain are used, and new generation antipsychotics, psychoeducation, family education, biorhythm therapy and ECT used for certain conditions are some of the techniques used in treatment.
The symptoms of schizophrenia are generally positive (presence of what should not be) and It is classified as negative (absence of what should be).
INFORMATION FOR PSYCHosis PATIENTS
Delusions: These are false beliefs that a person firmly believes in despite the absence of concrete evidence. It is not possible to change these with persuasion. The person with the delusion may believe that he is being tortured, that he has special powers or abilities, and that his thoughts and behaviors are under the control of an external power.
Hallucinations: The most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is auditory; The person thinks he hears imaginary voices. Sometimes the schizophrenic patient talks with these voices for a long time, and the voices can give the patient commands about his movements. In less common types of hallucinations, there may be events such as seeing, feeling, tasting or smelling that do not actually exist but seem completely real to the patient.
Thought Disorder: A person with a thought disorder experiences confusion about what he says and how he says it. A person's speech is difficult to follow because he jumps from one topic to another and his logical connections are weak. There may be interruptions in the thought process, and it becomes meaningful only for the person speaking.
Conduct Disorder: Some schizophrenia patients may experience behavioral disorders that prevent them from performing their social and professional functions. For example, wearing the same dress for a long time, refusing to wash, etc.
Dullness in Emotional Expression: Schizophrenia patients often feel emotionally "dull" and remain unresponsive to what is happening around them. Y� They cannot express their emotional reactions by changing their expressions, behavior or tone of voice.
Loss of Motivation: Schizophrenia reduces a person's motivation, making it difficult to participate in working life or social activities. Patients withdraw from daily tasks such as laundry and cooking, and in extreme cases, they cannot maintain personal hygiene and care for themselves.
Withdrawal from Society: Schizophrenic patients have difficulty maintaining friendships with people. Their interactions with people are short-term and superficial. In some cases, the person cuts off all social relations.
Poverty of Thought: In some schizophrenia patients, thinking decreases in amount and content. They rarely talk, give short answers to questions and do not give details. In extreme cases, the person's speech is limited to short sentences such as "yes", "no", "I don't know".
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