Hemangiomas are benign tumors consisting of tangles of capillaries or large veins that usually appear at birth. It is usually invisible at birth, but becomes visible after 2 or 3 weeks of life. Families first apply to the dermatology department, thinking that they have a heat rash or a skin disorder.
What Causes Hemangioma?
What Causes Hemangioma? Although it is not known exactly what the answer to the question is, conditions that increase the frequency of hemangiomas: -2.
It is 3-5 times more common in female babies than in male babies
The reason for genetic research in pregnant women Chorionic villus biopsy performed with a biopsy increases the risk of hemangioma.
Genetically, an autosomal dominant transmission has been detected very rarely and there is rare transmission between family members.
Where is Hemangioma Mostly Seen?
Although it is seen all over the body, the percentage rates of where hemangioma is seen are as follows:
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% 50-60% appear in the head and neck.
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25% appear in the chest, armpits and trunk.
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15% appear in the extremities (limbs). ) is removed.
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Mostly, two types of hemangioma are common. Red superficial capillary (strawberry) hemangiomas, mostly raised from the skin, and the other is subcutaneous ncavernous (chambered) hemangiomas, in the form of a ball of tolar vessels under the skin, with only a slight bruise or no color on the skin surface.
Capillary hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma is different biologically. Bleeding, infection, and disintegration (ulceration) are observed in hemangiomas between the 6th month and 1 year of age, which begin with a mild erythema in infancy and begin with a rapid growth period in infancy.
The rapid growth period of capillary hemangiomas stops at 1 year of age and regression occurs. enters the period. While some hemangiomas disappear spontaneously by the age of 2-3, some hemangiomas larger than 3-5 cm can remain for life. Hemangioma the younger it is, the more it disappears with age. There is not much regression in the remaining hemangiomas after the age of 2-3.
Cavernous hemangioma
Cavernous (chambered) hemangiomas are usually small in infancy and develop with age. They are growing. The hemangioma becomes apparent as the pressure inside the hemangioma increases with straining and crying. With the effect of these pressures, the hemangioma grows larger.
Port Wine Stain
Port Wine Stain, which begins with superficial redness, which we call hemangiomas, which are on the same plane as the skin, and as the age progresses, middle age begins. Above the skin level, it turns into burgundy or purple raised hemangiomas. Dideral is ineffective in this hemangioma and laser treatment is more effective.
Is Treatment Required for Hemangioma?
Hemangiomas, which mostly cause visual problems, are benign tumors. While hemangiomas must be treated in some conditions, mostly hemangioma treatment is about improving the visual aspect. Absolute treatment indications:
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Hemangiomas that will cause aesthetic discomfort to the family and child in the future should be treated.
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Bleeding in growing hemangiomas can lead to ulceration and infection. Hemangiomas that are present should be treated.
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Hemangiomas that may cause obstruction in the respiratory tract should be treated urgently.
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Intraoral hemangiomas
strong> It must be treated as it will cause bleeding and aspiration. -
Very large hemangiomas must be treated as they may cause thrombocytopenia and heart failure.
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Hemangiomas that block the visual field around the eye must be treated.
What Should Patients with Hemangioma Do?
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Babies are fully conscious until the age of 1. They may not be aware of hemangiomas that cause visual disturbances when they are not fully developed, but they realize that there is something abnormal about them after the age of 1.
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The fact that interventional treatments are performed between 3 months and 1 year of age may cause doctor phobia or procedures in children. It will ensure that they stay away from the trauma.
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Treatment of hemangiomas that can block bleeding airways can take up to 3 months. It should be done without cutting.
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Treatment varies depending on the type of hemangioma. For example, drug treatment has no effect on cavernous and port wine stains.
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Before starting drug treatment, the patient with hemangioma should be investigated to see if he or she is sensitive to the drug. For example, dideral cannot be used in asthmatic and diabetic patients.
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Before starting treatment, the presence of internal organ hemangioma should be investigated with whole body ultrasonography.
It is recommended that they consult pediatric oncology, pediatric surgeons and cardiovascular surgery specialists.
Interventional Non-Surgical Treatment Methods Apart from Hemangioma Drug Treatment
Depending on whether the vascular structures in hemangiomas are arteries or veins. Treatment methods also vary.
Laser Treatment: This application can be used easily in all age groups and from the 3rd month of babies onwards. Port wine and capillary (strawberry) are used in hemangiomas. Local anesthesia is applied to the area where the application will be made with injections or creams. The number of sessions is determined according to the size of the hemangioma.
Foam and liquid sclerotherapy: This treatment method is used at all ages. As the age decreases, the dose of the drug to be administered is reduced. It should be applied by experts. The drug is applied to thin capillaries in foamless liquid form; It is applied to large veins by turning it into foam.
Hemangioma treatment with glue: Cyanoacrylate-containing vein adhesives, a new technology, are finding a place in hemangioma treatment. has started. It is mostly used in resistant large vessel hemangiomas.
Hemangioma treatment with radiofrequency: It is used in hemangiomas that are under the superficial skin and do not completely disappear with laser treatment. It is based on administering radio frequency energy under the skin with a thin needle. Local anesthesia is used.
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