Breast Health
In order for patients with complaints about breast diseases to reach the most accurate diagnosis and the most ideal treatment methods, it is necessary to care about breast health and know the correct methods. Especially during the diagnosis phase, the examiner The breast surgeon and the radiologist performing the imaging should be in close communication, and patients and their relatives should be informed, and studies should be carried out to increase the awareness of breast health in the society. With this kind of dialogue, the margin of error in diagnosis is reduced, the rate of unnecessary examinations is reduced, and the most important factor for correct treatment is The first step is taken and the patients' concerns are resolved.
BREAST DISEASES
What is the biopsy technique performed with wire marking on the breast?
What is not palpable during breast examination? It is the process of preoperatively marking and removing the location of the tissue that cannot be detected but is found suspicious after the imaging methods and decided to be removed.
One of the marking methods is wire placement under mammography, ultrasound or MRI guidance. The procedure is performed in the radiology department and the patient is taken to the operating room from there. This procedure is performed on the same day as the surgery. After local anesthesia is applied, a marking needle containing a thin wire is placed in the suspicious area under imaging guidance. Since the tip of the wire is hook-shaped, it clings to the tissue.
The breast surgeon removes the suspicious formation and removes the tissue during the surgery to ensure that the correct area is removed. By sending the sample to the film, a film of the tissue, which we call mammography, is taken. In this film, it is examined whether the correct area has been removed, the surgeon is informed and the procedure is completed. Then, a pathological examination is performed on the tissue. The surgical procedure takes approximately 30 minutes and is preferably performed by keeping the patient lightly asleep with anesthetic drugs, which we call sedation. It is a daily procedure. It is a surgical procedure.
Breast Pain (Mastalgia - Mastodynia)
Breast pain is one of the most common breast complaints. Why do women experience pain more than breast pain?, They are disturbed by anxious thoughts such as "Is it a symptom of an important disease?" For this reason, they frequently consult a physician. Most of the pain in the breast occurs in relation to the menstrual cycle. These are normal physiological pains that occur. However, it is still beneficial to consult a doctor because pain occurs in the breast.
Symptoms such as pain, aches, and breast tension are not seen in most cases in breast cancer. Breast cancer often does not cause pain or discomfort.
The most common cause of pain and discomfort in the breast is hormonal changes. Hormonal fluctuations experienced before menstrual periods or during seasonal changes can cause pain, aches and tension in the breast.
Pain and ache in women with a prominent fibrocystic structure in the breast are more common than other women.
Good in Breast. Skinny Masses
BREAST CYSTS
They are fluid-filled spheres originating from the milk ducts in the breast. Fibrocystic breast tissue and fibrocysts occur in 60% of women. They are visible in different sizes.(millimetric and sometimes a few centimeters)Rarely, they can reach large sizes, which we call macrocysts. Simple cysts do not have the risk of becoming cancerous. Diagnosis is made by breast ultrasonography. They do not require surgical treatment. Cyst content in macrocysts is used for diagnosis and treatment purposes. It can be drained with a needle. In suspicious or complex cysts, thick cutting needle biopsy or surgical biopsy may be required. Drug treatment is recommended for painful fibrocystic breast structure. Follow-up is sufficient.
FIBROADENOM
They are the most common benign masses in the breast. 80% of breast masses are fibroadenomas. They are common in young women. They are rubbery, well-defined and often mobile masses.
In women over 40 years of age, the growth rate is rapid. If it is large (grows suddenly within a few weeks), is larger than 2 cm, and there is a family history of breast cancer, fibroadenomas must be removed. Fast-growing giant fibroadenomas (larger than 5 cm) can be seen in teenage girls. These also need to be removed surgically. In some patients, the fact that the mass is within the breast tissue disturbs the patient, in which case it is recommended to remove the mass surgically.
PHYLLOID TUMOR
Breast It accounts for less than 1 percent of tumors. Most of them (such as fibroadenomas) are benign tumors. It can grow very quickly and rarely develop into malignant forms. can be encountered. On examination, it is palpable as a hard and mobile mass.
Clinically, it can be confused with giant fibroadenomas. It is extremely difficult to distinguish fibroadenomas from phyllodes tumors with imaging methods. The definitive diagnosis is made by pathological examination as a result of surgical removal of the entire mass.
In phyllodes tumors, removing a small amount of normal breast tissue from around the mass is sufficient for treatment.
» Wire marking on the breast. What is the biopsy technique?
» Pain in the Breast (Mastalgia - Mastodynia)
» Benign Masses in the Breast
» Nipple Discharge
» Breast Infections
» Inflammation in the Breast (Lactational Mastitis)
» Periductal Mastitis
» Granulomatous Mastitis
» Breast Cancer
Nipple Discharge
Although discharge from the nipple is usually not serious, it is rarely a sign of cancer. it could be. For this reason, nipple discharge should be taken seriously and evaluated by a specialist physician.
If the discharge from the nipple occurs spontaneously (that is, it does not come from squeezing), if it comes from a single nipple and is dark or bloody. It needs to be investigated further. 3% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have discharge from the nipple. If necessary, pathological examination is performed after imaging procedures (breast ultrasound, mammography, galactography-film of the milk ducts) for nipple discharge. A smear (smear) should be performed for this purpose.
In normal cases, a milky or green discharge from both breasts may be observed by massaging or squeezing. As you get older, the likelihood of nipple discharge increases. Nipple discharge is more common in women who have given birth more often.
In cystic breast structure, by squeezing, a gray-green discharge may come from more than one channel. Milky or green discharge from many ducts in both breasts or in one breast is considered benign symptoms.
Breast Infections
They are microbial infections of the breast tissue. It usually occurs due to cracks in the nipple during breastfeeding. �ur.
Symptoms of infection in the breast are hardness, redness, pain and increased skin temperature.
Antibiotic treatment can be applied if an abscess has not yet formed and there are only signs of infection.
An abscess has developed. It must be drained(emptied). This procedure can be performed with a needle or may sometimes require open surgical drainage. In all cases, antibiotic treatment should be continued for a long time.
In some cases, inflammatory breast cancer, which is an important form of breast cancer, may also cause symptoms similar to breast infection. In this case, the physician must be very careful. The approach is to stop using antibiotic treatment for a short time after the examinations. If the patient's symptoms do not regress after a period of time and the patient is called back for control, it is necessary to keep in mind that it may be inflammatory breast cancer and to perform pathological examination with skin biopsy.
» What is the biopsy technique performed with wire marking on the breast?
» Pain in the Breast (Mastalgia - Mastodynia)
» Benign Masses in the Breast
» Nipple Discharge
» Breast Infections
» Inflammation in the Breast (Lactational Mastitis)
» Periductal Mastitis
» Granulamatous Mastitis
» Breast Cancer
Inflammation in the Breast (Lactational Mastitis)
Inflammation in the breast may develop in breastfeeding mothers, most commonly in the 1st week after birth. Cracks, wounds, crusts and poor hygiene on the nipple due to breastfeeding lead to the growth of microbes on the nipple. In such cases, if there is no treatment with antibiotics, mastitis may develop in one third.
Periductal Mastitis
It is one of the mastitis that occurs in the breast outside of breastfeeding. It is a type of inflammation that starts around the nipple and develops around the milk ducts. A large part of it is related to smoking. It is estimated that it develops because smoking damages the milk ducts behind the nipple, making the area a suitable ground for infections.
Initially, it is possible to treat the disease only with the use of antibiotics. If an abscess is detected during ultrasound-guided breast examination or similar imaging studies, abscess drainage is required.
Granulamatous Mastitis
Tuberculous mastitis and idiopathic lobular granuloma. There are two types: tuberculous mastitis.
Tuberculosis mastitis is more common in developing countries such as our country and in patients with suppressed immune systems (such as AIDS, chronic renal failure). In tuberculous mastitis, clinical pictures such as fistula in the form of an abscess on the breast skin, a mass in the breast, a discharged mass in the armpit or abscess are observed.
Idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis is common in patients of young childbearing age. It is thought to be caused by an abnormal reaction of the immune system towards the breast (autoimmune). Past infection or trauma may also be among the causes.
It is associated with breast cancer (especially inflammatory breast cancer) both clinically and radiologically (ultrasonography, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging) strong> and is often confused with tuberculous mastitis. Recurrent breast abscesses are observed despite antibiotic therapy.
Tuberculosis tests are negative in samples taken from the abscess or tissue.Differential diagnosis from cancer is quite difficult in USG, MMG, and breast MRIexams. and it requires experience. For a definitive diagnosis, the suspicious breast tissue must be sent to pathology.
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