Diabetes is a disease that develops when the pancreas in our body does not produce enough insulin hormone or the insulin hormone it produces cannot be used effectively by the tissues. Tissues cannot use the glucose that passes from food to the blood, and blood sugar rises.
Carbohydrates taken with food are converted into the simplest form called glucose in the intestines to be used for energy in the body and are absorbed into the blood.
The hormone called insulin. Thanks to this, sugar passes from the blood to the tissues and is used in the tissues to provide energy to the body. Diabetes occurs when the sugar, which has become glucose, cannot be used properly by the muscles and other tissues due to the deficiency of the insulin hormone or the ineffectiveness of the insulin hormone. In this case, the sugar level in the blood increases. The increased level of sugar in the blood is called hyperglycemia. When the amount of glucose in the blood increases, beta cells begin to produce more insulin than necessary in order to lower the sugar level. In this case, the amount of insulin in the blood also increases. This situation is called hyperinsulinism.
The main purpose of insulin is to ensure the use of glucose as an energy source in the tissues, but in a person with diabetes, insulin cannot fully perform this task. Because tissues are resistant to insulin. This condition, in which tissues are resistant to insulin, is known as insulin resistance.
10 percent of diabetes shows its symptoms in childhood. In childhood diabetes, there is almost no insulin production in the body. It mostly occurs in adulthood, and its incidence with obesity is quite high.
Diabetes is a very common disease. The World Health Organization announced that almost one in every 11 people has diabetes.
According to 2015 data, it has been reported that there are approximately 415 million diabetics in the world and this number is predicted to reach 642 million in 2040. At the same time, diabetes is the disease with the highest treatment costs in the world.
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