Hemorrhoidal disease is the enlargement of the veins around the anus, turning into a sac shape with connective tissue hypertrophy. The common term for hemorrhoidal disease is hemorrhoids. There are two different types: internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids are painless. It manifests itself with bleeding and itching. They are divided into four stages according to the rate of excretion during defecation. External hemorrhoids are localized around the anus and do not often cause bleeding. If a clot forms in the vascular ball inside, it causes severe pain and purple swelling.
Hemorrhoidal disease occurs with the increase in pressure in the anus that occurs with excessive straining. Sitting on the toilet for a long time, being constipated or having diarrhea causes pressure increase. Hemorrhoids may occur as a result of excessive straining during pregnancy and birth. Standing still for a long time, sitting for a long time, and postponing defecation also play a role in the formation of hemorrhoids. Inflammatory diseases of the large intestine, unbalanced nutrition and genetic predisposition are other rare causes.
Hemorrhoid formation can be prevented by eliminating modifiable causes. One of these is the prevention of constipation. Constipation can be controlled by eating plenty of fiber and consuming enough liquid. Regular exercises also help prevent the formation of hemorrhoids.
The most important symptom of hemorrhoidal disease is bleeding from the anus. This can sometimes be in the form of blood on the napkin, in the form of a smear on the stool, or in the form of bleeding in drops or gushes after defecation. Other symptoms include anal tingling during the day, itching, and painful defecation.
The diagnosis of hemorrhoids can be made by examination. Even if we are sure of the diagnosis, rectoscopy may be performed, especially in people with bleeding complaints. Other causes of anal bleeding should be excluded.
Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four stages according to the degree to which they protrude beyond the anus. First-stage hemorrhoids do not prolapse during defecation, but are recognized by anoscopy. Second stage hemorrhoids come out during defecation and then come in on their own. Third degree hemorrhoids come out during defecation and can only be replaced manually. Fourth stage hemorrhoids are hemorrhoids that cannot be placed inside and always remain outside. Fourth stage hemorrhoids should not be confused with external hemorrhoids
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