Escape syndrome, which has been detected in approximately 800 people around the world so far, is in the class of rare diseases. For the first time, Dr. The disease, discovered by Bayard Clarkson in 1960, is called "Clarkson" in the literature. Today, it is called "SCLS", which is the abbreviation of "capillary leak syndrome". Since the disease reaches serious dimensions with sudden attacks, it is important to seek health care as soon as you see the symptoms.
What is Escape Syndrome?
The name given to the smallest blood vessel in the body is capillary or capillary. Capillaries, which connect arteries and veins on a functional basis, interact with tissues. In other words, in systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), the fluid in the vein leaks out for an unknown reason.
At this stage, it is observed that the level of albumin, which is important for vital activities and repairs tissues, also decreases. While the majority of patients are at risk of venous thromboembolism with SCLS, effects such as shock and massive edema have fatal consequences. There are no obvious symptoms for escape syndrome, which means sudden and rapid changes in the amount of fluid outflow in the capillary.
However, it is seen that the fluid leaking out of the capillary descends to organs and muscles such as the lungs, heart, abdomen, and accumulates in these regions over time. At this stage, the attacks that occur in the patient begin to be a problem rather than the question of what escape syndrome means.
What are the Symptoms of Escape Syndrome?
The escape syndrome, which gave certain signals before, can be prevented from resulting in fatal results if intervened without damaging the internal organs. The "Systemic Capillary Escape Syndrome" disease process, which usually has the same symptoms as the symptoms of upper respiratory infections, is quite vague and imperceptible until the last stage.
The most obvious symptoms of escape syndrome, which progresses insidiously in daily life, are seen to occur during attacks. Various scientific studies are still being carried out today for those who wonder what kind of disease is the escape syndrome, which is definitively diagnosed with the increase in the patient's attacks. The patient evaluated according to the laboratory results Conditions such as edema in the intestines, fluid in the muscles, microbes in their blood and acid accumulation in the heart membrane can be detected.
Although the symptoms of the disease, which usually appears after the age of 40 and cause swelling in the whole body, may seem simple, it can also lead to health-threatening consequences such as:
- Sudden low blood pressure
- Swelling in the body and edema
- Reduction of albumin in the blood
- Dark color of the blood
- Fatigue and weakness
- Fever
- Headache and muscle pain
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Irritability
- Thirst
- Edema
What are the Triggering Conditions of Escape Syndrome?
Although the factors causing the escape syndrome have not been discovered yet, it is seen that there is no genetics according to the information obtained from the life histories of the patients around the world. However, on the grounds that some triggering situations may cause escape syndrome, attention should be paid to the following:
- Chemotherapy process and drugs
- Viral hemorrhagic fever (dengue infection and hantan virus)
- Poisonous snake bite (blood poisoning)
- Adverse drug reaction
- Endocrine diseases
- After cardiopulmonary bypass
- Bone marrow and Diseases originating from the lymphatic system (Graft versus host disease)
- Hypotension
- Kidney failure
What Kind of Disease Is Escape Syndrome?
Patients with SCLS can be treated with steroids to a certain extent. However, administration of steroids can cause various systemic complications such as peptic ulcer, weight gain, aseptic necrosis, osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes. In fact, psychosis cases that develop after steroid treatment can be discovered in many patients. For this reason, even if recovery is achieved with certain stages, there is no clear recovery as a result of the disease shifting in different directions. For escape syndrome, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin level, WBC or platelet count, both shows that there is no difference in oglobin and hematocrit levels and use. As a result of the physical and radiological examinations of the patients, surgical procedures are avoided, but the situation may change with the accumulation of fluid in the lungs and around other vital organs.
It is aimed to prevent permanent damage to vital organs with the treatment method preferred by specialist doctors according to the patient. At this stage, in order for the patient to recover, he must be under surveillance and the central venous or arterial pressure must be kept under control in the intensive care unit in order to maintain the delicate balance in his body.
The greatest danger caused by systemic capillary leak syndrome, which restricts the patient's vital activities in the case of fainting and attacks, is seen as acute renal failure. It is vital to keep the patient whose kidneys are damaged under serious control and to prevent fluid loss properly. It is applied to prevent possible attacks.
The disease still remains a mystery, so patients are approached cautiously for escape syndrome treatment. It is necessary to follow the disease process and apply the methods that meet the needs of the body. Maintaining the fluid and electrolyte balance in the veins of the patient, in order to balance the low blood pressure of the patient who is stressed by having an attack, is important for the organs to continue to function in a healthy way.
Edema collection, blood or fluid accumulation in the organs are checked in order not to lose the vital functions of the person afflicted with the disease. SCLS treatment, the results of which are evaluated as uncertain, is generally applied as supportive and requires a multi-faceted approach. Because conditions that can cause acute kidney failure can also be confused with escape syndrome.
After the laboratory tests required to reveal the definitive diagnosis, the values in the blood should be rearranged.
Im With the help of drugs that regulate the immune system, drugs that regulate the blood pressure and a number of drugs that regulate the cortisol level, the treatment process begins according to the individual.
The patient is taken under control with vasopressor therapy with colloid solutions and sensible fluid replacement to prevent edema and to replenish fluids.
The kidney and liver profile/ABG/DIC scan needs to be repeated as needed. Vital signs should be monitored continuously.
Necessary studies are carried out to improve the mental state of the patient, stabilize and normalize the heart rate.
Patients who think that it can reduce the severity and frequency of acute attacks can be started with theophylline and terbutaline during the clinical experience.
The patient's liver transaminase levels are under control.
Bronchodilator drugs such as theophylline and terbutaline can also be used in the treatment process, but this approach is not preferred by specialists due to its side effects.
What is the Importance of Early Diagnosis in Escape Syndrome?
Early diagnosis of SCLS disease Thanks to this, it at least minimizes the risk of death and makes it easier to hold on to life. Early detection of diseases that affect the vital functions of the body and treatment strategies to prevent them are based on observational data. You can start treatment as soon as possible to prevent attacks that may occur suddenly with escape syndrome disease, which is clearly evaluated with laboratory results.
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