0-6 years of age is a very important period in the development of an individual, and this period is the year when the fastest development is experienced in terms of physical, emotional, mental, language and personality development. The achievements of the individual during these years form his attitudes in later years, and the foundations laid during this period continue to develop. For this reason, parents and other people with whom they interact socially leave a lasting impact on the child's life.
There are some basic behaviors that need to be taught to the child during this period. For example, positive personal hygiene behaviors such as making your bed and brushing your teeth regularly should be acquired during this period. In order to raise self-confident, independent, harmonious and enterprising individuals, the child should be shown unconditional love, his successes should be rewarded, and corporal punishment should be strictly avoided.
For effective communication, the child should be listened to calmly and when any problem occurs, one should talk to him/her in a logical and explainable way. When necessary, persuasion and temporary deprivation should be used as disciplinary methods. Behaviors such as threatening, warning, or offering bribes prevent communication between the child and the parent. Oppressive and normative mothers reduce children's learning abilities and cause children to grow up fearful, timid and lacking in self-confidence.
Around the age of 2, children begin to develop awareness of their own identities. When we ask the child to do something, he either says no or ignores us. He needs short, clear instructions and a determined attitude to do what he is told. When verbal instructions are not enough for them to behave appropriately, it is more appropriate to approach them and make eye contact to indicate seriousness.
They usually have problems distinguishing between dreams and reality and perceive their dreams as real. During this period, dreams also seem real, and even monsters seem to actually live under the bed. They evaluate frightening stimuli from the environment as real.
The 3-year-old has a stronger sense of self and tends to obey without worrying about losing independence. A 3-year-old child likes to follow the rules. Appreciating his/her positive behavior, encouraging him/her in difficult situations and Being guided with this approach helps the child to cooperate with the adult.
4 years old is the age of defiance. When a child's wishes are violated, he or she may speak rudely to adults and fight with playmates. Pushes boundaries, challenges adult authority. When provoked, he hits and kicks, and when he is not happy, he wants to leave the environment he is in. He cries loudly and his emotions fluctuate to extremes. He likes to use rude words. A 4-year-old child experiences conflict, especially with a family member of the same sex. Lying is also common during these periods.
A 5-year-old child is more social, self-confident and harmonious. Mother is the center of the world for him. He wants to please his mother, be with her, help her. He constantly talks, asks questions to increase his knowledge, and is interested in the why and wherefore of everything.
At the age of 6, the child attempts to express his/her own feelings and thoughts and may act lazy and indecisive. But once he's made up his mind, it's not always easy to talk him out of his idea. In this period, individual play was replaced by group play. He cannot tolerate failure in competitive environments. He needs to be first. In friendships, he sometimes draws attention as a person who orders, argues, intimidates or hits. He constantly desires to be taken into consideration. He is very sensitive to criticism. Cries easily. He assumes some responsibilities, listens carefully to what is said and does not want to be blamed or criticized. He reacts to the punishments given to him. The failures of children at this age should not be emphasized, but their successes should be praised.
We now know that the child is successful when he is not attached to us with blind compliance. When we try to liberate him, when we give him the opportunity to think differently and choose his own value norms, he is prepared for adulthood. Repellent attitudes from their parents result in the child feeling worthless. When the child shows the desired behaviors, the supported child learns which behaviors are approved. This environment is the basis of raising self-confident children.
Considering today's conditions, self-managed, enterprising, It is important to raise children who are safe and can make decisions on their own and take responsibility, and while doing all this, it is essential to be natural and establish honest communication.
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