Trauma in psychology is 'the individual's experiencing or witnessing an event or events that involve a real or perceived death or injury, or threaten the physical integrity of himself or others.' hears.
These are generally considered events that can be very stressful for anyone. If we give an example of traumas; Having a traffic accident, being attacked or witnessing an attack, experiencing an earthquake can be considered as traumatic events.
Types of Trauma
Known for her work in the field of trauma, Dr. Claudie Herbert examines three types of traumas.
Human-induced, large-scale traumas: such as train accidents, wars, nuclear disasters.
Natural disasters : Such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions and tsunami.
Individual traumas: Such as domestic violence, crime, terrorism, robbery, theft, rape.
Experiencing traumatic events under the age of 18 is called childhood trauma. We can sometimes see these in the literature as developmental traumas. In addition to the above-mentioned trauma types such as exposure to natural disasters, witnessing war, being attacked, kidnapped, and having an accident, childhood traumas that are frequently studied in psychology are abuses and neglect. These are usually; It is examined under 4 headings as physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. These types of childhood trauma are deliberately harming the child, causing malnutrition, involving the child in sexual activities that are not suitable for the child's development, or for this purpose, by the mother, father, caregiver or other adults (relatives, teachers, neighbors, etc.). It includes all kinds of activities that are seen in situations such as using the child, using the child for personal benefit, that may restrict, harm or cause the child's physical, mental and psycho-social development to go backwards.
Traumatic experiences that can be caused by adults in childhood can be evaluated under four groups as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect.
Physical abuse : It is the risk of physical damage, injury or injury to a child or young person under the age of 18 by an adult, in a way that harms their bodily integrity. As an example of physical abuse; burning, biting, tying, slapping, shaking can be shown.
Sexual abuse: Involving a child or young person under the age of 18 in sexual activities by an individual(s) who is at least 5 years older than them. For example; Touching the child's body and sexual parts or asking/forcing them to touch their own body, witnessing sexual activity, watching pornography are examples of sexual abuse.
Emotional abuse: Exposing a child or young person under the age of 18 to attitudes and behaviors by adults or depriving them of the attention, love and care they need and It is the state of being subjected to psychological damage in terms of cultural and scientific aspects. Shouting, swearing, frightening, threatening, not meeting emotional needs, discriminating between siblings, ignoring, mocking, calling the child, putting pressure on, being overprotective, and giving scary punishments are examples of emotional abuse.
Neglect: The child is neglected by the adult from basic needs (nutrition, safety, education, medical care, shelter) or emotional needs (love, attention) , attachment, etc.) can be defined as deprivation. The parent's protective and guiding support is not on the child or is rare, not taking care of the child, not paying attention to his clothes, not having a caregiver at home, absenteeism from school, not following the child in school, not supporting the child, not paying attention to the entrance and exit times are examples of neglect.
Read: 0
