Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway characterized by recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing attacks. Asthma means "shortness of breath or open mouth breathing" in Greek.
Although the etiology of asthma is not clear, it is a heterogeneous polygenetic disease in which many factors are effective. Inflammation varies considerably depending on the stage and severity of the disease and can affect the patient's response to treatment.
Risk Factors;
Obesity:There is a positive relationship between obesity and the development of asthma. The incidence of asthma increases in individuals with a body mass index > 30 kg/m2. Obese individuals with asthma have lower respiratory functions and more comorbid diseases compared to normal weight individuals with asthma.
Gender:While male gender is a risk factor for childhood, adulthood In this period, the incidence of asthma is higher in females. There is an unexplained relationship between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The possible mechanism considered is microaspiration of the esophagus with reflux bronchospasm. Although it is usually asymptomatic, night exacerbations are seen in many patients.
Smoking:Another factor that plays a role in the development of asthma is smoking. The incidence of asthma development increases significantly in children exposed to cigarette smoke in the prenatal and postnatal period.
Allergens:Although it is well known that indoor and outdoor allergens cause asthma exacerbations, their role in the development of asthma has not been fully elucidated.
House dust mites, mold and cockroach allergens are important risk factors for adult asthma.
Treatment;
Asthma Acute attacks Oral corticosteroids, beta-agonists, and inhaled bronchodilators are used.
One of the main strategy risk factors in the control of asthma is to open. These include avoiding air pollution, detecting food allergies, not smoking, taking precautions against mold and dust mites, reducing stress, airing indoor environments frequently, avoiding pollen during seasonal changes, controlling body weight and eating healthy.
Nutrition
A healthy and unbalanced diet diet modulates innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in increased allergic airway inflammation. Nutrition, a modifiable risk factor, is gaining more and more importance in the symptom management of asthma.
Diets containing fruits, vegetables and whole grains have been associated with a reduced risk of asthma compared to high-fat meats and dairy products. In a study conducted on children with asthma, it was reported that the likelihood of developing asthma decreased with increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, pasta, rice and potatoes, and decreased meat intake.
In some studies, it was observed that asthma symptoms decreased with the removal of milk and products from the diet, and an increase in asthma symptoms occurred with the addition of milk and products to the diet.
The mechanisms by which dairy products may affect the development or course of asthma are not clear, but the consumption of dairy products can activate pro-inflammatory processes, resulting in an increase in the development and symptoms of asthma, an inflammatory disease.
Mediterranean style diet. model has also been associated with a reduction in asthma symptoms in children. In another study of children with asthma, high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher lung function than low adherence.
Western diet pattern activates pro-inflammatory processes. In studies showing that certain nutrients change systemic inflammation; A high-fat diet has been shown to lead to increased circulating markers of inflammation.
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