Eating disorders in adolescents consist of 3 subtypes. These are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Apart from these, there are eating disorders that cannot be otherwise specified.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
It is known as a mannequin disease in the society. While Anorexia Nervosa used to be said to begin in adolescence, in recent years it has begun to be diagnosed as early as infancy. Classically known as Anorexia Nervosa, it begins around the age of 14. The first Anorexia Nervosa case descriptions were made in the late 1800s. In Anorexia Nervosa, the person restricts eating behavior due to the desire to have a thin body and the extreme fear of being overweight. He tries to avoid gaining weight by various methods.
To give a few examples:
- Reducing the amount of food intake,
- Inducing self-vomiting,
- Using laxative or diuretic drugs,
- Excessive exercise,
- Chewing gum ,
- Drinking excessive water,
- Doing excessive walking…
At first, they start to feel uncomfortable about their weight. Then, as they lose weight, they begin to think they are fatter. They continue the diet they started without stopping. While this diet is under control at first, it then gets out of control. When they look in the mirror, they draw themselves as overweight, or when they draw pictures of themselves, they draw themselves as overweight. Their body perception is distorted. Due to excessive weight loss, medical problems (anemia, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, electrolyte imbalances, etc.) begin to occur. The prevalence of anorexia in society is approximately 0.5%. It is 10 times more common in girls than in boys. Although it appears to be low, it has the highest mortality rate (approximately 5%) among psychiatric diseases. Anorexia Nervosa begins in adolescence. Their sexual and physical development stops. First, their menstrual periods become irregular, and then they begin to stop menstruating. First, approximate body weights While it initially loses 30%, this rate can later reach 50%. Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa stand out as meticulous, perfectionist, quiet, calm, have a small circle of friends, do not show their anger directly, and have low self-confidence. Rates of other psychiatric disorders are also higher in Anorexia Nervosa. These include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and alcohol and substance use disorders. Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa have a history of sexual abuse more frequently than other psychiatric disorders.
Diagnostic Criteria:
1) Depends on age and height. Not gaining weight 85% of the expected weight
2) Not gaining weight or being obese even though he is below the expected weight for his age and height do not be afraid
3) Distortion of body perception - expressing whether one's own weight is normal or overweight and acting accordingly
4) Menstrual irregularity or amenorrhoea
Although Anorexia Nervosa has been described for many years, its cause has not been fully found. Psychological reasons come to the fore in the studies conducted. The most important of these is the mother-baby relationship, which begins in infancy. Although mothers of adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa seem to be close and caring, they are actually distant from their children and have difficulty showing their emotions.
Some studies show that there is a genetic predisposition underlying Anorexia Nervosa. There is no single validated treatment method for the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. The history and treatment of each case is different. Low weight loss, availability of family and social support, early diagnosis, and not deteriorating body image are some of the factors that show that the response to treatment will be positive. Although the treatment varies depending on the case, it is provided with psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and medical treatment.
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Vomiting what you eat in public is the disease. It is known as ıgi. Bulimia Nervosa Unlike Anorexia Nervosa, their weight is within normal limits or above. Bulimia Nervosa begins around age 16. The first case descriptions of Bulimia Nervosa were made in the late 1900s. In Bulimia Nervosa, the person experiences binge eating attacks that he cannot prevent. Then, in order not to gain weight from what they eat, they resort to methods such as self-induced vomiting and using diarrhea-inducing or urinating drugs. Eating spells involve consuming high-calorie foods in a very short time. They can eat food over 2000 kcal. The meals are mostly carbohydrate heavy. Pleasure is felt during the eating binge, followed by relief and then regret. This process continues in a vicious circle. After these bouts of overeating, they become depressed. In Bulimia Nervosa, there is an excessive preoccupation with body weight, as in Anorexia Nervosa. There is also the fear of getting fat. The prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa in society is approximately 1%. It is 10 times more common in girls than in boys. Although not as high as Anorexia Nervosa, mortality rates are still high. Bulimia Nervosa begins in late adolescence. Their sexual and physical development is not affected as in Anorexia Nervosis. Adolescents with Bulimia Nervosa stand out as impulsive individuals. Rates of other psychiatric disorders are also higher in Bulimia Nervosa. Chief among these are kleptomania, uncontrolled sexual life, behavioral disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders.
Diagnostic Criteria:
1) Recurrent binge eating attacks
2) In order not to gain weight after eating attacks, weight loss measures such as vomiting, using diarrheal or diuretic drugs, and excessive exercise are behavior
3) Fear of gaining weight
Although Bulimia Nervosa has been described for many years, its cause has not been fully found. Psychological reasons come to the fore in the studies conducted. The most important of these is the mother-baby relationship, which begins in infancy. Although mothers of adolescents with Bulimia Nervosa seem to be close and caring, they are actually distant from their children and have difficulty showing their emotions. Base Studies show that there is a genetic predisposition underlying Bulimia Nervosa. There is no single validated treatment method for the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. The history and treatment of each case is different. Fewer binge eating episodes, availability of family and social support, early diagnosis, and not deteriorating body image are some of the factors that indicate a positive response to treatment. Although the treatment varies depending on the case, it is provided with psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and medical treatment.
BINGE EATING DISORDER
Although it is less known than Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. It has been seen quite frequently in recent times. Binge eating attacks occur in the first place, but unlike Bulimia Nervosa, adolescents do not take any action to reduce the weight-producing effect of this binge eating. The prevalence of binge eating disorder in the population is approximately 2%. It is 5 times more common in girls than in boys. Adolescents are generally overweight because they do not gain weight after binge eating attacks. They consume large amounts of food in a short time. They lose control while eating and, unlike Bulimia Nervosa, they experience pleasure during eating attacks. They generally prefer to be alone during these eating attacks. They become depressed after an eating episode, just like in Bulimia Nervosa. Rates of other psychiatric disorders are also higher in Binge Eating Disorder. These include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders.
Diagnostic Criteria:
1) Recurrent and repetitive. eating attacks
2) Repetitive eating attacks - far exceeding the amount of food most adolescents can eat in a certain period of time
3) Repetitive eating The sense of control over eating is lost during the attacks
4) Being disturbed by this situation after recurrent eating attacks
The cause of Binge Eating Disorder has not been fully found. Psychological reasons come to the fore in the studies conducted. �r. There is no single proven treatment method for the treatment of Binge Eating Disorder. The history and treatment of each case is different. Excessive weight gain, lack of family and social support, late diagnosis, discomfort with weight gain are some of the factors that indicate a negative response to treatment.
Although treatment varies depending on the case, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and It is done with medical treatment.
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