Psychoanalytic theory expands the approach of psychology to unconscious processes. This theory specifically developed the concept of a 'Personality apparatus'. In this conceptual structure called the topographic personality concept, there are 3 personality parts such as conscious, subconscious or pre-conscious (perconcius) and unconscious.
Consciousness recognizes the perceptions coming from the outside world or inside the body. It is the area of the mind that can. It also includes bodily perceptions, thought processes and emotional states. Preconscious (subconscious) includes mental events and processes that can be perceived at the conscious level by straining attention. This content includes primitive processes such as dreaming, as well as advanced forms of thought such as trying to solve problems related to reality. The unconscious, in general terms, includes all mental events that remain outside of conscious perception, and therefore also includes the preconscious. In a dynamic sense, the unconscious includes mental processes that cannot reach the conscious level due to the obstacle of the censorship mechanism. This content consists of impulses that do not comply with reality and logic and that people want to satisfy as much as possible. These impulses arise from desires that contradict the moral beliefs valid in the person's conscious world and can only emerge when the person's resistance is broken in psychoanalytic treatment.
This theory put forward by Freud is the personality theory. The topographic theory of personality divides the mind into three units or structures. These are id, ego and superego.
Id is the psychic energy store that expresses itself in the form of instincts, internal reactions, desires and desires, the real psychic reality. When the tension level in the organism increases as a result of an external stimulation or an impulse, the id activates the organism to relieve the tension. At the end of the behavior, the tension decreases. This is called the pleasure principle of the id.
The ego comes into existence from the organism's need to interact with the real objective world. The ego is under the rule of the reality principle. The purpose of the ego is to postpone the satisfaction of the need until the appropriate environment is found. It inhibits the pleasure principle for a while. The Superego is the internalization of external control. It is the moral aspect of personality. Right or wrong of the individual that concerns the Superego It means deciding what is right and acting according to the moral standards approved by the representatives of society. Values related to the concepts of good and bad are formed within the framework of the superego.
According to the psychoanalytic view, a psychologically healthy person is the one who can maintain the balance of id, ego and superego. Disturbance of this balance also negatively affects psychological health. According to Freud, two drives should be held responsible for the instinctive appearance of our mental life. These are sexual and aggressive impulses (Brenner, 1977). In other words, they are life (eros) and death (thanatos) instincts. The functioning of the life instinct is made possible by the "Libido" energy.
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