Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is due to disruption of interactions between the central nervous system, pituitary gland, ovaries, adrenal gland and other tissues; It is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.
It is a complex disease that has a chronic course and may negatively affect the quality of life in the future.
Although the initiating factor or factors are not yet fully understood, it is a disease that occurs with the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It can be evaluated.
It is basically a disease associated with menstrual irregularity, increased hair growth, oily or acne-prone skin structure, hair loss and obesity. Similar findings are often found in the mothers and sisters of women with PCOS. The incidence is generally around 6-8%. The key finding is the absence of ovulation. Typical polycystic ovaries (ovarian tissue containing many cysts) occur after a long period of absence of ovulation. The presence of 12 unilateral or bilateral 2-9 mm follicular cysts or an ovarian volume of at least 10 cm3 (increase in ovarian volume) creates the appearance of polycystic ovary. Typical ultrasonographic findings of polycystic ovaries (follicular cysts arranged like pearls in the ovaries) are seen in approximately 25% of normal women. This ultrasonographic finding was observed in 14% of women using birth control pills. In this case, only the appearance of polycystic ovary is not sufficient to make a diagnosis.
Clinical consequences of not ovulating for a long time
1-Infertility
2-Menstrual irregularity
3-Increased hair growth, hair loss and acne
4-Increased risk of uterine cancer and possible breast cancer
5-Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
6-Insulin (hormone that controls blood sugar) There is an increased risk of diabetes in women with an increased risk of diabetes. This situation is explained by the thrifty genes hypothesis. These people experience developmental delay while they are babies in the womb. The baby, who is deprived of nutrients and energy in the womb, begins to use them sparingly when this deprivation disappears after birth and the habit of hoarding emerges. out. For this reason, obesity occurs.
Weight control is the first step in treatment. These patients should have a balanced nutritional lifestyle. Weight gain increases the severity of polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms and increases the risk of future health problems. The prevalence of obesity in patients with PCOS is reported to be 40-60%. Obesity can be calculated by body mass index. (Body mass index is obtained by dividing body weight (kg) by the square of height (meters). Over 30 is considered obesity.) Waist circumference and waist/hip ratio are increased in PCOS patients with normal body weight compared to weight-matched healthy controls. Increased androgen levels in PCOS patients cause male-pattern obesity. Waist circumference and waist/hip ratio increase in male type obesity. (Waist circumference ≥80cm, Waist/hip ratios ≥0.85) It is beneficial to maintain ideal weight and reduce fat in the abdominal area, correcting ovulation, androgen excess and metabolic abnormalities
It has not been fully explained what the diet composition will be in polycystic ovary syndrome. It should be fed frequently and occasionally. This reduces hunger pangs and eliminates body fat. A diet low in saturated fats, low in glycemic index and high in fiber is recommended.
Total daily fat consumption in nutrition should not exceed 30% of energy. A diet should be low in saturated fats and rich in unsaturated fats. Saturated fats increase blood cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids should be consumed in the diet, less than 7% of the total daily energy. This is one third of the total oil consumption. Polyunsaturated fats should constitute 10% of the total daily energy, and monounsaturated fats should constitute 15%. Vegetable oils (olive oil, soy, sunflower) should be preferred instead of animal fats and solid margarine.
Foods containing cholesterol should not be excluded from the diet, but should be limited.
Foods containing cholesterol. Milk, cheese, chicken, fish, meat
Glucose in foods with a low glycemic index mixes into the blood more slowly; Blood sugar does not rise or fall suddenly. You do not feel hungry immediately and you feel full for a longer time. Foods with high glycemic index: white flour, white rice, jam, honey, pasta, cake, sugar, french fries, carrots
Low glycemic index foods. Whole wheat flour, brown sugar, whole wheat rice, whole wheat pasta, legumes, fruits (except bananas, figs, melons), oats, rye bread, peas, green beans, kidney beans.
Fibre is the indigestible parts of carbohydrates found in foods. Foods containing high fiber (fibre) reduce the rate of increase in blood sugar, reduce the need for insulin, provide a feeling of fullness and enable weight loss. It also lowers high levels of blood fats, prevents constipation by regulating the functioning of the intestines.
High fiber foods: Dried legumes, fresh and dried fruits, vegetables, whole wheat products, rye, oats, whole wheat bread and bulgur
Weight Apart from nutrition, exercise is also very important in controlling the condition. Light or moderate activity should be done for heart health. Exercise;
Increases HDL, reduces the risk of heart attack.
It reduces the sugar level in the blood by increasing the use of glucose within the cell.
It reduces the risk of clotting by increasing circulation.
It reduces the risk of hypertension by reducing blood pressure.
Protects from the risks posed by obesity.
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