Personality Disorders
Personality disorders; It is a persistent pattern of internal experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from what is expected according to one's own culture. It begins in adolescence or young adulthood, persists over time, and causes distress or impairment in functioning. In order for personality traits, which can be seen in various forms in everyone, to be considered a personality disorder, they must be inflexible and maladaptive, and cause a significant impairment in functionality or personal distress. These unchanging attitudes and behavior patterns manifest themselves in the following areas: (1) Differences of thought (in the way a person interprets himself, others and events); (2) Affect differences (range, intensity, variability and appropriateness of emotional reactions); (3) Difficulties in interpersonal relations; (4) Difficulties in controlling one's impulses.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissism and narcissistic personality organization and disorder are one of the central concepts of psychoanalysis. In its pathological sense, narcissism manifests itself as impairment in relationship ability, emotional investment in one's own self, hypersensitivity to others' opinions about oneself, and lack of empathy towards relationship objects. Its main characteristic is grandiosity in behavior or fantasy, the need to be admired, and the inability to understand the feelings of others. Its incidence in the general population is 2-6%. Narcissists are generally thought to be people who love themselves too much and are too self-confident. However, the real situation is exactly the opposite. Since the narcissist cannot love or respect himself without doing something, he constantly feels the need to do something in order to love and respect himself. Mental activity is narcissistic to the extent that it is directed to maintaining the structural integrity, temporal continuity, and positive emotional coloring of the self-representation. In summary, we characterize activities aimed at gaining and maintaining self-esteem as narcissistic. The severity of narcissistic pathology increases in proportion to the necessity and frequency of the need for such activities. We can talk about. They have the feeling that they are very important (e.g., they exaggerate their achievements and abilities, expecting to be known as superior without sufficient achievement). In order to convince themselves that they are a special and important person, they try to make others think the same. The more he can influence the other person, the more he can convince himself that he is not worthless. They preoccupy themselves with fantasies of unlimited success, power, intelligence, beauty, or perfect love. Efforts to feel valuable by impressing others are replaced by fantasies in the absence of people. If there are no positive reflections from outside, dreams take their place. They dream of various things in which they do things that will impress everyone, gain everyone's admiration, and make them a very well-known and adored person. They imagine themselves having received the Nobel Prize, being chosen as the smartest and most handsome person in the world while giving a speech, and having performed a heroic act that will save the whole world. They believe in these dreams as if they were real and avoid feeling worthless. They believe that they are special and unique and that only other special or superior people (or institutions) can understand them or that they should only be friends with them. They want to be liked very much. Since they can only respect themselves when they feel that others like them, they constantly strive to gain the admiration of others. They are not really interested in anything, they engage in many different activities in order to be liked more. They want to be knowledgeable about everything in order to show it to others. There is a sense of entitlement: expectations that one will receive a particularly favorable form of treatment, or compliance with these expectations. While others can get their work done in easier ways, waiting in queues and not receiving special treatment makes them feel worthless, so they expect a favorable approach and treatment. They strive to ensure special or preferential treatment, and when their expectations are not met, they become angry or humiliate those who do not give them special treatment. Uses interpersonal relationships for one's own benefit; to achieve their own goals They take advantage of others' weaknesses. They use the people they are in relationships with for their own needs and purposes, primarily to ensure that they behave in a way that makes them feel good. If the people they are in relationships with no longer meet these needs or they no longer need them, they move away and find other people. They cannot empathize: They are reluctant to recognize and define the feelings and needs of others. One of the biggest difficulties in human relations is their lack of empathy. In their interpersonal relationships, they are self-centered, self-centered, and exploitative of others. Most importantly, their uniqueness and their dependence on the attention, love and admiration of others give a contradictory appearance.6 The belief that they are unique inhibits their ability to get close to others, identify with them and empathize with them. They create a feeling of inaccessibility in the objects they are in contact with. They do not care about their problems, troubles and needs. They are only interested in the feelings of the people they are in a relationship with regarding how they feel towards them. They are often jealous of others and believe that others are also jealous of them. Conscious or unconscious envy is prominent enough to attract attention. Someone else being good and successful creates discomfort because it triggers their own feelings of inadequacy. They feel uneasy when something good is said about someone. The fear here is the fear of being left behind, forgotten and losing importance. They urgently attempt to belittle those who are praised and appreciated. They try to catch and expose the vulnerabilities of the people in question through various opportunities. They display arrogant, arrogant behavior and attitudes. Arrogance, aloofness, and coldness are common as a defense against narcissistic injuries. As a defense against criticism from others, they make it clear from the beginning that they do not care about others' opinions. They act arrogant and distant in situations where they may be criticized.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline disorder was considered to be on the border of schizophrenic disorders in the beginnings of the psychiatric perspective; Later, neuroses and schizophrenia It was conceptualized as a transition zone between the reni. Especially the acceptance in psychoanalysis is in this direction. Their main characteristics are inconsistencies in interpersonal relationships, sense of identity and affect, and difficulty in controlling their impulses. While their prevalence in society is 2-3%, they constitute 30-60% of personality disorder cases in psychiatric clinics. It is 3 times more common in women than in men. They make frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. They live in fear of abandonment. They fear that their lover, spouse, or close friend will abandon them, and they make frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned, including threats or attempts of suicide. They try to keep people under control by arousing guilt, exploiting their emotions, or leaving them in debt. They have tense and inconsistent interpersonal relationships that oscillate between extremes of overestimation and disdain. They very quickly praise people who treat them well and close to them, they get close very quickly, but after a disappointment, they become very distant and angry. Although it may sometimes take a period of separation or anger to exalt the same person again, they usually change friends and lovers frequently due to their tendency to move away quickly. There is a markedly and persistently inconsistent perception or sense of self, defined as identity confusion. Their feelings and thoughts about what kind of person they are, what they like, what they care about, their plans for the future, what kind of people they want to be friends with, and how they want to live change frequently and easily. They may have contradictory desires, desires, beliefs and thoughts in very short periods of time. They show impulsivity (e.g., spending, sexuality, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating) in at least two areas that are likely to cause self-harm. They show uncontrolled, impulsive behavior in various areas, such as driving fast, shopping randomly and even though they will have difficulty paying, having random, potentially risky sexual relationships, not being able to control eating or drinking, gambling, and using alcohol or drugs. Recurrent, suicidal behaviors, attempts er, they show intimidation or self-destructive behavior. They physically harm themselves in various ways, such as cutting their arms and chest with a razor, or stubbing a cigarette on themselves. These behaviors are mostly done against intense boredom and the feeling of emptiness that is exacerbated and cannot be coped with. On the other hand, it is common to harm oneself, threaten to commit suicide, or attempt suicide in order to get others to behave as they wish or to punish them for upsetting them. There is instability in affect (affective instability) due to a significant reactivity in mood. Their emotions show dramatic changes depending on small events. They may suddenly fall into a great depression, intense distress, or become angry. They often cannot define their emotions well and are not aware of what makes them feel that way. They often experience anger and distress together, and in such situations they behave in ways that are harmful to themselves or others. They constantly feel empty. This situation, due to the lack of identity integrity and long-term goals, becomes especially evident in the absence of people and environments that can make them feel good. 8They feel inappropriate, intense anger or cannot keep their anger under control. They have difficulty controlling their anger, as well as their other impulses. The ego covered with anger cannot control and prevent destructive, harmful behavior. They show transient paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms associated with stress. Dissociative symptoms and delusions of harm or hostility may occur, especially in cases of abandonment, loss of objects or feelings of exclusion, which occur with stress. These symptoms improve with the understanding of the cause or short-term, low-dose medication administration.
Psychodermatology
Today, psychosomatic dermatology It is an important and indispensable component of dermatology. Skin is the mirror of the soul. There are dozens of expressions in our language that convey our feelings about the skin: "I got goosebumps", "I got an itch", "thick-skinned (faceless)", etc. Skin and brain in embryo
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