Obesity, as defined by the World Health Organization, is excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that it impairs health. Obesity, which is considered a complex and multifactorial disease that negatively affects health, is today the second most important cause of preventable deaths after smoking.
As a result of the rapid change in lifestyle, obesity is an increasingly frequent problem that significantly threatens public health. became like that. The main reasons for the increase in obesity prevalence are; It is the increase in energy intake as a result of the decrease in physical activity and the rapid change in eating habits secondary to the easier lifestyle, especially with the developing technology in the transportation, entertainment, production and agriculture sectors. Unhealthy fast-food foods, rich in refined carbohydrates, poor in plant fibers, excessively fatty, energy-intensive diets are one of the most important factors that lead to obesity. It has been suggested that nutrition in the first years of life, especially the inability to breastfeed, paves the way for the development of obesity in the future. In addition, the widespread use of advanced technological devices (smart mobile phones, televisions, computers, tablets, home theaters, etc.) that easily fill spare time contributes significantly to the increase in obesity.
METHODS USED TO DETECT OBESITY
1.BMI (BODY MASS INDEX)
Body mass index (BMI), which is an index based on height and body weight, defines obesity and the risk of obesity at the population level. To calculate BMI, it is measured using the body weight and height technique. It is calculated by dividing the body weight (in kg) by the square of the height (in meters) [BMI: Body weight (kg) / height (m)2].
BMI values (kg) /m2) Classification
<18.5 Weak
≥18.5 - <24.9 &nb sp; Normal
≥25.0 - <29.9 Plump, slightly obese, overweight
≥30.0 - < 39.9 Fat (Obese)
≥ 40.0 Overweight (Morbid)
2.WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
Waist circumference value reflects the abdominal fat tissue, that is, the lubrication of the organs. While the person to be measured is standing, the lowest rib bone is located on the right side and a mark is made. In the hip, the hip bone protrusion (iliac) is located and marked. The midpoint between the two marks is found and the waist circumference is measured passing through the found point. If the value obtained from this measurement is high, health risks also increase.
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE (CM) HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH BODY WEIGHT
>Male<94
Low health risk associated with body weight
Female<80
Male<94-102
High health risk associated with body weight
Female<80-88
Male<102
Very high health risk associated with body weight
Female<88
3.SKIN FOLD THICKNESS
Skinfold thickness measurements are a method used to determine the size of the subcutaneous fat depot and calculate total body fat from this value. D Hair fold thickness can be measured from different parts of the body. The main ones are triceps, biceps, subscapula and suprailiac measurements.
4.BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS (BIA)
Method; It is based on the difference in electrical conductivity between lean tissue mass and fat. In the method, weak electrical current impedance is measured. There are BIAs that make various measurements such as hand-to-foot, foot-to-foot and hand-to-hand, etc. With BIA, the amount of body fat, lean body mass, amount of body water and other Many data can be obtained.
OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES
Unfortunately, obesity is not a disease that can be addressed alone. Excessive body fat Its increase causes the development of many secondary diseases. The main ones are;
*Metabolic syndrome and prediabetes
*Type 2 diabetes mellitus
*Hyperlipidemia (increase in blood fat)
*Hypertension
*Cardiovascular diseases
*Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease
*Polycystic ovary syndrome
*Infertility
*Sleep apnea/asthma
*Osteoarthritis
*Gastrointestinal problems (reflux, gastritis, etc.)
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