Schema: People are born with very simple schemas. As a result of their experiences, they improve their schemas and create new schemas. Reflexes, which form the basis of behavior, work thanks to the stimuli in their environment. These reflex experiences settle in the child's mind as schemata. In the broadest sense, schemata are mental structures that people use to mentally adapt to the environment. From another perspective, schemas are physical (looking, holding) or mental (comparing, classifying) actions that the child performs to get to know the world. A newborn baby tries to suck everything that comes close to his mouth. However, after a very short time, his schemas begin to form and he distinguishes his mother's breast with a finger and reacts accordingly. A baby of a few months old puts everything he picks up into his mouth. However, a 2-3 year old child can shake the object he holds, turn it around, and create forms side by side or on top of each other. Because their schemas have changed and developed as a result of maturation and experiences. While some authors generally call everyone's specific ways of knowing cognitive structure, they also call specific ways of knowing and structures specific to a child schema. Structures constantly change and reorganize as a result of the interaction of maturation and experience. The schemas of a one-year-old child differ from the schemas of a four-year-old child. It is possible to observe this difference in their behavior. The best way to understand the schema concretely is to present a stimulus to the child and see how he or she behaves towards it. If the information received from outside does not contradict the information the individual has previously learned and is placed in a certain scheme in the mind, the information is recorded in memory. If the information received from outside does not fit the structures in the mind and does not fit into a certain scheme, the individual makes some new arrangements in his mind. An example that embodies the concept of schema: during a trip to the village, the child who sees the sheep sprawling in the field for the first time says, “daddy, look at the dogs.” Clearly the sheep best fit the criteria of dogs that the child knows.
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