20. If we want to know ourselves as a 'subject' in the work of Michel Foucault, who is considered one of the greatest thinkers of the century, 'History of Sexuality', which is a history text as well as a philosophy text that deeply shook the social sciences. , says that we should think about the thing called sexuality, make it as understandable as possible, put it into discourse and ask it what we are.
21. Up to this point in the 20th century, human beings have run away from their sexuality, which is a part of their essence, denigrated it, feared it, frightened it and suffered from it. He tried to understand this fact that existed within himself, but also avoided explaining it and being understandable.
So much so that concepts such as 'sex', 'sexuality', 'sexology', 'sexual sciences', 'sexual medicine' are not used scientifically. Its use, even for purpose, first occurred in the second half of the 18th century and was included in the title of the book published by Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard in the USA in 1867 (Sexology as the philosophy of life: implying social organization and government). In German literature, a similar word (sexualwissenschaft) appeared in the book of dermatologist Iwan Bloch, published in Berlin in 1907.
(Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit – The sexual life in our time).
However, When we look at historical texts, even Hippocrates (4th-5th century BC) andAristotle (384-322 BC) made evaluations on erection (hardening) or infertility.
Avicenna (980-1037) has observations on human sexual behavior and male/female orgasm. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was the first writer to reveal the relationship between male erection and increased blood flow, and he also showed this in his drawings. Later, they were followed by Costanzo Varolio (1543-1590), Ambroise Pare (1510-1590), Reinier de Graaf (1641-1673), < Anatomy, physiology of scientists such as strong>Francois de LaPeyronie (1678-1747), John Hunter (1728-1793), Conrad Eckhard(1822-1905) and followed the contributions on diseases.
In general, mo Although German psychiatrists and dermatologists are thought to be the founders of sexual medicine, it is now accepted that Italian pathology and anthropology professor Paolo Mantegazza (1810-1910) is of great importance with the theories and systems he developed. His contemporaries Conrad Eckard (1822-1905) and Richard Freiherr von Kraft-Ebing (1840-1902) contributed to research in physiology and psychology. Undoubtedly, the contributions of the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), were bold and impressive. Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) was also called the 'Einstein of Sex' with the first congress on sexuality he organized in Berlin in 1921 and the first comprehensive book on sexuality in 5 volumes (Geschlechtskunde - Sexual Knowledge).
A On the one hand, as human sexuality began to be understood, on the other hand, progress began to be made in the treatment of related problems and new treatment options in the fields of medicine, surgery and psychology / psychiatry came to the fore.
1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Adolf Butenandt and Leopold, who were the first to chemically synthesize the testosterone hormone. It was given to Ruzicka, but Butenandt had to reject the award under pressure from the Nazi government.
II. The architect of the dizzying development that started in the field of sexual medicine after World War II belongs to Alfred Charles Kinsey (1894-1956) with the 'Kinsey Reports', which he published in two separate books in 1948 and 1953. These two works, which caused the sexuality in American society to be questioned again, have sold over 250,000 copies each and have been translated into dozens of languages.
20. The Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology was awarded to American Earl W. Sutherland in 1971 for his invention that laid the foundation for the discovery of drugs that opened a new era in sexuality at the end of the century.
The two men who had the courage to put human sexuality into the laboratory and examine it. The great scientist is William Howell Masters (1915-2001) and his wife Virginia Eshelman Johnson (1925- ).
Dependent on the development of modern sexual medicine Bringing together scientists from many branches on the subject The 'International Society for Sexual Medicine', established by the International Society for Sexual Medicine, draws attention with its role as being the most influential on the subject in the world today, supporting scientific research and paving the way for new scientists.
The basic goal is always the same, to better understand human sexuality. The most important conclusion reached with the information available today is that human sexuality is complex and its problems cannot be solved by looking at it from a single perspective. The approach is multidisciplinary and should be guided by scientists with this understanding and knowledge.
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