Found in the uterus; The special cell layer that prepares for pregnancy every month and is expelled from the body in case of menstrual bleeding because it is deprived of hormone support if pregnancy does not occur, is called endometrium. The endometrium layer is located only in the uterus in the body. If this layer is located in another part of the body outside the uterus, it is called "Endometriosis", that is, chocolate cyst disease. The reason why it is described as a chocolate cyst is; This is due to the fact that it contains a thick liquid that resembles melted chocolate.
Endometriosis, or chocolate cyst disease, is a common problem, especially in young women. Chocolate cyst disease is seen in approximately 10-15% of women between the ages of 25 and 45. Chocolate cysts, which can prevent pregnancy if they reach the ovaries and cords, can rarely be found in menopausal women and even men.
During the menstrual period, the endometrium may cause bleeding reactions and cause adhesion in the organs. Severe pain felt during menstrual period are complaints related to Endometriosis, that is, chocolate cyst disease.
Symptoms of Chocolate Cyst
- Menstrual pain
- independent pain
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Infertility
Does Chocolate Cyst, which is frequently encountered in young women, prevent pregnancy? If we need to answer the question:
Approximately 40% of women who do not become pregnant have chocolate cyst (endometriosis). Chocolate cysts can cause infertility due to factors such as impaired ovulation function and blocked tubes. Chocolate cyst, which threatens women of reproductive age; If it affects the ovaries and tubes, it poses an obstacle to pregnancy.
Chocolate cyst is seen in 20% to 25% of women receiving infertility treatment; The most negative effect it has on women is that it causes a decrease in the ovaries and pelvic adhesions.
It affects the urinary bladder and intestines. Chocolate cysts, which can be seen in large areas, cause blockage in the fallopian tubes.
Yes, endometriosis prevents pregnancy. However, the probability of pregnancy in women with chocolate cyst disease is half that of women without the disease. Accordingly, there is no rule that all women with chocolate cysts cannot become pregnant. In women who become pregnant despite having a chocolate cyst, chocolate cysts may grow or remain at their current size throughout the pregnancy. Chocolate cysts, which do not adversely affect pregnancy in the later stages of pregnancy, may be the cause of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy.
When chocolate cysts become visible, the issue of surgery can be brought to the agenda. However, if the patient in question has not become pregnant and is over the age of 35, pregnancy planning should be done without removing the chocolate cysts, in consultation with her physician, as her egg reserve is reduced. Because the operation for chocolate cysts will reduce the capacity of the eggs. Even if less damaging laparoscopic procedures are performed for chocolate cysts, the conditions for pregnancy should be evaluated in detail before removing chocolate cysts.
Surgery should not be a priority for women who have a chocolate cyst and have not yet become pregnant. It is important to evaluate the situation with the doctor and make a decision accordingly. There is no obstacle to surgical removal of chocolate cysts in women over the age of 40 who have children and do not want to have children.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chocolate Cysts
In Endometriomas To make a diagnosis, tumor markers and resistance and flow indices in Doppler blood flow are examined for cysts developing in the ovaries. However, this is not a definitive diagnosis. In order to make a definitive diagnosis of chocolate cysts, pathological examination of the surgically removed tissue is required.
There is no permanent treatment for chocolate cysts. Purpose of the treatments: chocolate cyst It is to relieve the pain caused by diseases and stop the progression of the disease. Treated chocolate cysts have a possibility of recurrence.
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