The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ located in the front of the neck and regulates our body metabolism with the hormones it secretes. Thyroid gland diseases range from simple goiter to life-threatening thyroid cancer. The most common diseases are irregularities in the production of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism occurs when thyroid hormones are secreted in excessive amounts, and hypothyroidism occurs when they are secreted in insufficient amounts. Inflammation of the thyroid gland is called thyroiditis. If the thyroid gland is larger than normal, it is called goiter. In goiter, the thyroid gland is enlarged, but its functions may not be impaired.
Hyperthyroidism (toxic goiter): It is a state of excessive secretion of thyroid hormone.
Accordingly; 1-Weight loss despite increased appetite 2-Nervousness, haste, fatigue easily 3-Sweating, intolerance to heat 4-Palpitation, high blood pressure 5-Diarrhea or frequent defecation 6-Dry mouth, drinking too much water, frequent urination, urination at night 7-Muscle weakness, tremors in the hands. 8-Expression of surprise or fear in the gaze. Upward stretching of the eyelid and swelling of the eyelid. Eyeballs appearing forward. 9-Goiter, that is, enlargement of the thyroid gland, is observed.
Hypothyroidism: It is the state of insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone.
Therefore; 1-Weakness, getting tired easily, slowing down of movements 2-Slowing of heartbeat 3-Increased tendency to sleep 4-Intolerance to cold 5-Deepening of voice, speaking in a slow and low voice 6-Thickening of the skin, dryness, hair loss, falling out of the eyebrows from the edges 7-Constipation 8 -Lack of sweating 9-Swelling on the face and eyelids 10-Goiter, that is, enlargement of the thyroid gland, is observed.
Thyroiditis: It is the state of inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Therefore;
Pain, warmth, redness on the thyroid gland
/> Pain and limitation in neck movements
Acute, painful enlargement of the thyroid gland
Difficulty in swallowing
These symptoms may occur shortly after a virus infection such as flu, whooping cough or measles, or may occur for an unknown reason.
br /> Goiter: Mostly there are no signs or symptoms other than the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Due to growth, pressure symptoms may occur in the surrounding tissues. Shortness of breath and difficulty swallowing may occur. The most obvious reason is generally It is a regional iodine deficiency.
Thyroid cancer should be considered in the cases mentioned above or in cases of unexpected enlargement of the thyroid gland, and in suspected cases, a doctor should be consulted as soon as possible.
In the diagnosis of thyroid diseases:
Tests measuring thyroid gland functions, There are many other tests other than ultrasonography, scintigraphy and fine needle biopsy when necessary.
TREATMENT
In hyperthyroidism, excessive production of thyroid hormones is tried to be suppressed. Therefore, antithyroid drugs should be used first. However, surgical treatment is applied to patients whose activation continues when antithyroid drugs are stopped after 12-18 months and to those whose thyroid gland is large from the beginning. Radioactive iodine treatment can be used in patients who do not want treatment or who have a high risk of surgical intervention. There is no effective treatment for eye symptoms. Hypothyroidism: Thyroid hormones, which are insufficient in the body, must be given externally to the patient. Treatment is continued for life.
Thyroiditis: Appropriate antibiotics are given in cases that develop due to bacterial infections. Surgical drainage is performed. Prednisolone and/or thyroid hormones are given for Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Goiter: Adding iodine to the diet of children and young people (using iodized salt) in areas where the disease is common prevents the development of goiter. In diffuse and soft goiters, the goiter shrinks significantly with external administration of thyroid hormone. If goiter causes compression symptoms or if clinical and laboratory examinations give suspicion of thyroid cancer, the treatment is surgery.
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