Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that disrupts the immune system and can lead to AIDS. HIV is a type of retrovirus. It causes disease by disrupting the immune system, which protects the body from microbes. The gradual decrease in the number of CD4 lymphocytes, which are the primary target of HIV viruses, causes opportunistic infections and cancers to occur.
What are the ways of HIV transmission?
The HIV virus becomes external in a short time. disappears under environmental conditions. In order for it to be transmitted, it must pass from one person to another in body fluids. 3 ways of transmission:
-Through sexual intercourse
-Blood
-From mother to baby through birth and breast milk
HIV How is it not transmitted?
The virus is abundant in blood, vaginal fluids, breast milk and semen. The virus is not found in saliva, urine, or tears.
It is not transmitted by being in the same environment, shaking hands, eating from the same bowl, kissing, toilet, shower, or mosquitoes.
How is HIV transmitted? Is it prevented?
-HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, as a result of contact of sexual fluids with the genitals, anus, mouth and open wounds. Having sexual intercourse while there is a wound in the genital area increases the risk of HIV transmission. Having sexual intercourse during menstruation increases the risk of HIV transmission.
-With the correct use of condoms, sexual HIV transmission can be prevented almost 100%. It is necessary to use condoms in all kinds of sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal and oral sex.
-In order to prevent sexually transmitted HIV, it is important to inform young people about sexually transmitted diseases before having sexual intercourse. The risk of disease is directly proportional to the number of partners throughout life. However, just because you are sexually monogamous does not mean that your partner is also monogamous.
-HIV screening is performed before blood transfusions to prevent transmission through blood. Surgical instruments, acupuncture needles, and tattoo instruments used by doctors and dentists must be sterilized before use. Syringes must be disposable. Shared syringe use among intravenous drug users leads to the spread of HIV.
-In order to prevent transmission from mother to baby, antiretroviral medication is given to the mother if she is an HIV carrier. If oral medications are given, transmission to the baby is prevented. The risk of transmission to the babies of mothers given antiviral medication is 0.5%.
Mothers with HIV+ should not breastfeed their babies, and feeding babies with formula should be encouraged.
What is the difference between the presence of HIV and AIDS? Is there a difference?
All periods after HIV is taken into the body are HIV infection. The last period of infection is called the AIDS period. During the AIDS period, parasites, viruses and fungi that do not cause infection in people with normal immunity cause severe diseases. Special types of cancer such as Kaposi's sarcoma and brain lymphoma are seen in patients with AIDS.
What are the stages of HIV infection?
Is it possible to prevent the development of AIDS?
Prevent HIV by continuously using antiretroviral drugs. It is prevented from developing into AIDS. When the virus is kept under control with drug treatment, the patient lives longer and the risk of transmitting the disease to others decreases.
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