Bullying is a type of continuous violence that has physical or psychological consequences and is perpetrated by an individual or group against a person who is unable to protect himself. However, it is stated that in order for an act to be called bullying, it is not enough just to have the characteristics of aggression, there must be an unequal power relationship between the parties, it must have a continuity feature and it must be done intentionally.
School bullying is one or more of the students themselves which results in deliberately and willfully disturbing the weaker students physically, verbally, by spreading gossip and rumors, by extorting money or other possessions, by threatening them, by damaging their belongings, or by excluding them from their peer group and leaving them alone, and It is a type of aggression in which the victim is unable to protect himself.
Cyberbullying, in other words cyberbullying; Bullying is bullying through information and communication technology and tools, especially mobile phones and the internet. verbal bullying; name-calling, ridicule, humiliation, humiliation, sarcasm, insulting, threatening, physical bullying; hitting, punching, kicking, scratching, tripping, spitting, relational-social bullying; ignoring, excluding, ignoring, alienating, acting inappropriately, gossiping, displaying hostile looks, hiding or damaging personal belongings. While physical and verbal bullying can be seen and noticed, social bullying is the most harmful type of peer bullying and is characterized by being more indirect and hidden. While physical and verbal bullying is "observable", it is directly involved in bullying, while social exclusion is defined as "indirect bullying". Directly applied peer bullying includes open attack against the victim. Indirect bullying includes behaviors such as social isolation of the victim, exclusion from the group, spreading gossip, etc.
How does peer bullying affect a child's mental health?
Many children and young people is exposed to peer bullying for a long time and is negatively affected by this process. Bullying negatively affects and impairs the child's mental state, adjustment, daily life, social functionality and academic skills. They often show signs of trauma. They are particularly affected in three areas; loneliness, anxiety and depression. Students exposed to school bullying feel powerless and alone. They are isolated. There is deterioration and decrease in social relations. They shut in. They do not want to go to school, they are absent. They don't follow school rules. Even if they attend school, their academic success is negatively affected due to the mental problems that occur. Therefore, they experience fear, anxiety, sadness and hopelessness, and their education and training lives are interrupted. They often do not tell anyone about the bullying for a long time because of the helplessness and insecurity they experience and they delay getting help. The cooperation of school administrators, guidance services and school nurses is important in preventing bullying. School bullying should be taught. Children who are bullied and at risk should be identified and measures should be taken to protect them. When a bullying event occurs, all information should be obtained and recorded in detail. Children who have been bullied should be encouraged, given confidence, and consistent in this regard. The information given by the child should be taken into account, he should be guided to share it with his family, and the child should be told that it will be shared with the family by making an explanation. The socially lost relationships of the child should be reorganized and supported. Social support received from teachers and friends at school are the two most important sources of support that protect children from mental problems that may arise after a negative life event. For this reason, school management, teachers and the child's friends should be informed about being sensitive about support. The child's strengths and problem-solving skills should be increased. Support and counseling from a child psychiatrist should be provided for mental problems. School discipline for your peer bullying The rules should be operated, the borders should be set clearly, and the sanctions should be applied. It should not be forgotten that when a child is bullied verbally, emotionally or physically by another child, this abuse can have long-lasting effects, and these children should be followed for a long time and necessary social, emotional and spiritual support should be provided.
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