In the past, the most effective institutions in the socialization of the individual were parents, friend groups and teachers. In today's modern societies, especially radio, TV, cinema, computers, magazines and newspapers are powerful mass media tools that indirectly affect the socialization process. TV, newspaper and computer are among the most effective ones. Nowadays, people are informed about a good lifestyle and society's politics that they see on TV and computer and hear on the radio, and they adjust their attitudes towards others accordingly. In other words, radio, TV, newspapers and computer media, in short, affect people's worldview, attitudes and behaviors, and change people in a certain way with feedback. As each of us has observed, the effects of advertisements shown on TV on children are undeniable. Likewise, the role of this factor in adult socialization is also very important.
The group that is most affected, positively or negatively, by these mass media is children. It is an undeniable fact that computers and the internet, which have many benefits, especially in obtaining information, learning and communication, contain many dangers as well as their physical, social and psychological effects, especially on children. It is stated by experts that it negatively affects their psychological and social development.
Physical effects:
The physical development of children who sit motionless in front of the television and computer for hours is unhealthy and inadequate.< br /> This inactivity causes restlessness and irritable mood.
Eye disorders, nutritional digestion disorders and stomach aches.
Abnormally rapid heartbeat.
Psychological Effects;
It causes stress and anxiety in children caused by using and not being able to use the internet. After a while, some children become introverted. Sleep disturbances and nightmares may occur. There is an increase in aggressive behavior in children who are constantly exposed to violent broadcasts and games.
Television is the most effective and widespread among mass media. The duration of the TV being on at home is between 1 and 18 hours. Television has an undeniable importance in the construction of the child's mental world and culture in our country where the world is changing in the changing times.
Television, which used to be only in living rooms, has now entered bedrooms, children's rooms and kitchens, and the computer, which is an entertainment and communication tool, has now become indispensable for our children. has arrived.
Reading and Watching Rates in Turkey
Magazine reading rate is 4%
Book reading rate is 4.5%
Newspaper reading rate is 22%
Radio listening rate is 25%
Television watching rate is 94%
Television and now the internet have created significant changes in children's world. But most importantly, the various media contents that children encounter, sometimes due to their own wishes and sometimes due to adults' viewing preferences, carry children into a world of anxiety that adults have difficulty coping with.
Through television, they are presented with constant repetition and often cause anxiety. are collectively exposed to news content and images. Their impact on child psychology is much greater than that of adults.
Internet Addiction
Today, the internet, beyond being a source of information and communication, has become an "addiction" for some people. ” has been transformed. Many people experience passions and captivity in the virtual world that cannot be found in the real world.
Symptoms of Internet Addiction
Dreaming about activities done on the internet when not online (connected to the internet).
Continuing to use the Internet at increasing rates
Spending more time on the Internet than planned
Decline in success at work or school
Disruption in social relations
Lying to family or friends about Internet use
Using the Internet as a tool to escape from problems in daily life
Families should ask themselves the following questions;
>Do we know which TV series our child likes? And do we recognize those TV series?
What is our attitude towards advertisements and marketing policies on television?
We notice objectionable programs. Can we say? If so, what precautions do we take?
Is media an important part of our children's daily lives? So how can we make it a small part of daily life? And what other alternatives can we offer them?
What can be done against children's long-term and unconscious use of media?
Parents should be able to turn off the television and computer from time to time.
TV programs should be watched selectively.
Parents should be prevented from watching TV series that activate aggressive reactions in children or overstimulate them and cause them to change social value judgments. If they cannot do this, they should be encouraged to watch the program with the child and then have a short interview about the program and express its good and bad aspects.
Children should be taught to look at TV programs critically, that is, they should be helped to become conscious media users.
>Children under the age of 10 should be fully supervised by their parents while using the internet.
How much time children can spend on the internet should be limited.
A computer with an internet connection should be placed in a common area, not in the child's room.
The parents should check whether the sites the child can access on the internet are safe or not, and the child should be taught that he/she should never share personal information on the internet.
The child should be reminded that not everything he/she reads on the internet is true.
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