The digestive system, which starts from the mouth and teeth, ends in the anal region. Health problems in this region can be seen in almost all ages and genders
What is Anal Abscess?
Although diseases around the anus are common, people often delay in going to the doctor because they are uncomfortable talking about these problems. This prevents the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease, leading to a prolongation of the healing process.
Anesthesia, which often causes similar symptoms, negatively affects the daily life of the person. Although anal region diseases that cause symptoms such as itching, pain, pain, burning, bleeding and discharge in the breech region are mostly associated with hemorrhoids, or in other words, hemorrhoids, the disease is diagnosed after the examination by the physician. In some cases, additional radiological imaging techniques and laboratory tests may be required for the diagnosis of the disease. These complaints, which occur in the breech region, can sometimes be caused by the intestines, which is an important part of the digestive system. Therefore, the physician can also investigate the presence of mass in the intestines with methods such as rectoscopy and colonoscopy when deemed necessary.
Anal abscess, which is often confused with anal fistula, is a painful condition that causes redness and swelling around the anus. These symptoms may be accompanied by feelings of restlessness, fever, and malaise. There are two separate muscles in the region that forms the last part of the digestive system, also known as the anal canal.
The external muscle is called the external anal sphincter in medicine. This muscle is in the striated muscle group. In other words, the external anal sphincter contracts and relaxes voluntarily. Inside, there is a smooth muscle called the internal anal sphincter. Both of these muscles control stool and gas output. Between the two muscle layers are the anal glands. These glands, which surround the anal canal, release their secretions to the area where the intestinal mucosa and the skin, located in the inner part of the anal canal, meet.
The secretions of these glands facilitate defecation by providing the lubrication of the area. Inflammation occurs as a result of clogging of the glands or bacterial infections. These inflammatory formations, which are defined as abscesses, are located inside or on the inside. It may occur on the surface.
What are the Symptoms of Anal Abscess?
Anal abscess often causes symptoms such as pain, swelling, and itching in the anus region. An increase in temperature may be seen in the anal region. Discomfort that causes the person to feel sluggish and tired; It can also cause symptoms such as chills, chills and fever.
What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Anal Abscess?
After the person applies to the physician with the symptoms of anal abscess, the physician first listens to the patient's history and then performs the physical examination. and rectal touch. If necessary, endoscopy, anoscopy and/or rectoscopy can be performed. In addition, the physician may request imaging with endoanal ultrasonography, (ERUS) pelvic CT or pelvic MRI to clarify the diagnosis of anal abscess.
Anal abscess treatment can only be done by surgical methods. A small incision is made in the skin over the abscess under local anesthesia. Then, the pus (pus) is drained by drainage. If necessary, a drain is placed in the area where the abscess is drained to ensure continuity of drainage. In cases where the anal abscess is deeper, general anesthesia can be applied. It takes approximately one month to fill the area (cavity) where the abscess is emptied with tissue.
During this period, the cleaning of the anal area should be done very carefully and it should be fed rich in fiber foods. Approximately 30% of anal abscess cases recur. If the disease reoccurs or the cavity formed after the drainage procedure is not filled with tissue, a discomfort known as anal fistula may occur.
What is Anal Fistula?
Chronic anal abscesses are defined as anal fistulas. After the anal abscess is drained, a cavity called a cavity is formed in the area. Although this space needs to be filled with tissue over time, sometimes this may not happen. Sometimes, two interconnected holes occur in the inner and outer parts of the breech region.
Anal fistula that causes a tunnel-like formation does not heal on its own. Inflammation occurs in the canal due to the entry of feces into the cavity located in the inner part of the anal region. In addition, this situation causes the person's underwear to get dirty frequently. Anal fistula, which is characterized by a foul-smelling discharge, causes irritation and itching around the anus. In some cases, a feeling of stiffness around the breech may wish. Diseases such as Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, HIV and diverticulitis can also lead to the formation of anal fistula. is the current. The discomfort that causes irritation, pain and swelling around the anus makes it difficult for the person to sit. Symptoms such as redness around the anus, constipation, a feeling of fullness in the anus, pain during urination and fever can be seen. Depending on the anal fistula, the person may see foul-smelling and inflamed stains on his underwear.
What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Methods of Anal Fistula?
For the diagnosis of anal fistula, the physician performs a physical examination after listening to the person's history. Although examination is usually sufficient for diagnosis, imaging techniques such as MRI and colonoscopy are used in some cases to understand where the inner end of the fistula is located. Thus, the presence of an abscess in the fistula or the causative disease causing the fistula is also understood. However, if the anal fistula has recurred, examination alone is usually sufficient. Anal fistulas do not heal on their own. Before the treatment of the disease, anorectal manometry, also known as breech pressure measurement, is performed. After the evaluation of breech muscle strength, the procedure to be done is decided. Anal fistula treatment is done by laser or surgical method.
The operation can be performed with open or closed technique. Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) method is a widely used surgical method recently. Before this procedure, which is performed in the colon-rectum surgery unit, the patient is given an enema. With sedative drugs, the feeling of discomfort that the person will feel is minimized. About 20 min. After the procedure, the person can return to his daily life.
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