Diabetic Retinopathy:
It is the damage of the retina, which is the innermost layer of the eye wall and where the visual cells are located, due to diabetes. p>
We would make a mistake if we consider diabetic retinopathy as an eye disease alone. Diabetic retinopathy is the eye symptom of diabetes that affects almost all organs with blood supply in the body. Malnutrition develops as a result of blockages in small vessels in the retina and increased vascular wall permeability. Depending on the severity and prevalence of this nutritional disorder, the patient's vision is also affected.
In diabetic retinopathy, bleeding, leaks and other changes in the retina are evaluated as a whole, not individually, and are expressed by stage. Diabetic retinopathy is divided into two main stages. The earlier stage is nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and the more advanced stage is proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). These are also classified within themselves.
The most important difference between these two stages is that in the nonproliferative stage, bleeding and leaks are within the retina of the eye wall. When the nutritional deficiency of the retina increases further, abnormal vascular formations, that is, proliferations, develop to compensate for this, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy has now emerged. The changes are not limited to just the retina. They extend into the eyeball. These abnormal, new vessels do not have the normal vascular structure, so they leak more and are prone to bleeding into the eye cavity.
Diabetic maculopathy is a change in the macular macula that can occur in both stages. is called. Diabetic maculopathy is also classified according to its severity. Here, clinically evident macular edema, which develops as a result of leakage from the vessels, causes visual impairment even in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy stage.
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