The gallbladder is located on the liver and is a temporary reservoir where the bile fluid released from the liver is collected. Polyps or stones form here for various reasons and manifest themselves with nausea, vomiting and back pain.
What is Gallbladder Inflammation (Cholecystitis)
Gallbladder stones They are mostly found in the gallbladder silently without causing any complaints. They are found incidentally during check-ups and examinations performed during the diagnosis of other diseases. If the stones block the gallbladder duct, bile flow is blocked, edema develops in the bladder wall, and its vascularity is impaired. The high number of stones causes them to be in millimetric sizes. Presence of 'small stones' and larger than 2-3 cm in diameter increases the possibility of gallbladder inflammation. As the obstruction lasts longer, decay and perforation may occur in the bladder wall. This condition often manifests as ABDOMINAL PAIN. The pain is felt in the upper right side of the abdomen and under the right shoulder blade in the back. In addition to the pain, complaints such as indigestion and bloating may be added. In case of perforation of the gallbladder Urgent abdominal disease (acute abdomen syndrome), which occurs with breathtaking and very severe abdominal disease, develops. At this point, time is important and it is necessary to see a general surgery specialist as soon as possible.
Gallbladder Other Diseases Due to Stones
Due to the fact that small stones, especially millimetric size, fall into the main bile duct connecting from the liver to the duodenum and block the main bile duct; which darkens the color of the urine and can cause obstructive jaundice, called germ-free jaundice, which increases and decreases intermittently. A disease that causes significant damage to the liver, which causes what we call "colic pain", may develop. If infection and fever are added to the symptoms, inflammation of the bile duct called CHOLANGITIS may develop.
The stone or stones block the mouth of the bile duct opening to the duodenum. It can lead to PANCREATITIS, which is a very serious disease. Pancreatitis can be overcome very mildly, but it can also be severe enough to require intensive care and even end in a fatal process.
Predisposition Groups
Those over the age of 40, women,
Overweight people,
People with white skin,
It is more common in those who gain and lose weight rapidly,
Intensive care patients.
Diagnosis
Listening to the patient's history and physical examination
Complete blood count. , biochemical examinations to determine the condition of the liver and bile ducts
Ultrasonography (USG), which is the method that can lead to the easiest and fastest diagnosis.
In some necessary cases, abdominal tomography and especially magnetic resonance imaging to reveal biliary tract problems. resonance cholangiography (MRCP)
An endoscopic procedure called ERCP, which can reveal biliary tract problems and also enable the removal of stones there.
Treatment.
Gallbladders with millimetric diameter stones that have the risk of blocking the gallbladder duct and spilling into the main bile duct and causing an obstruction there
Stones that are larger than 2 cm and cause chronic gallbladder inflammation and the possibility of gallbladder cancer, albeit at a very low risk.
Stones that cause pain, indigestion, bloating and similar complaints regardless of their diameter
In the presence of diabetes, which contains stones in the gallbladder and can lead to the possibility of rapid infection risk, perforation, decreased sensation of pain
In the presence of gallbladder polyps (fleshy protrusions) larger than 6 mm in diameter (especially over 10 mm) and rapidly growing polyps
LAPAROSCOPIC (CLOSED) method in surgery; abdominal muscles will not be cut, earlier home and work It is accepted as the gold standard due to its possibility of survival, lower probability of wound infection-herniation and better cosmetic appearance. It is a surgical procedure that takes approximately 20 minutes to remove GALLBLADDER AND GALLBLADDER STONES by entering through 3 or 4 1 cm diameter skin incisions. There is a 1-2 chance of converting laparoscopic surgery to open surgery.
In pregnant women in the last months, respiratory functions are removed. In cases of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (COPD) that are severe enough to deteriorate, a history of upper digestive system diseases that may cause advanced adhesions, and liver diseases, surgeries are required. Open gallbladder surgery may be preferred in patients with gallstones.
After laparoscopic surgery, after 1 open surgery, and after 1-2 nights of hospitalization, patients are discharged and sent home.
Surgical removal of the gallbladder has no significant effect on the patient. It does not cause any health problems.
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