Impairment of sexual health does not only result in interruption of physical health. In both men and women, psychological health, family health and social health deteriorate in cycles.
Most of the time, many factors can create sexual function problems at different rates. The most important reasons include physiological, ignorance, lack of education and psychological health. Reasons can be listed as factors such as performance anxiety, personality conflicts and inability to communicate about sexuality.
The family where individuals grow up and live, close environment, subculture and social structure, traditions, religious beliefs and moral attitudes. These are the factors that determine sexual attitudes and behaviors. In many cases, sociocultural reasons alone may play a major role in the emergence of sexual dysfunction. In addition to the cultures of societies, Zilbergeld (1992) talked about gender-specific sexual culture and stated that established myths about sexuality in society have a very important place in the formation and continuation of sexual dysfunction.
Sexual dysfunction, psychological, physiological It is an important multifaceted health problem for men and women with its medical and social aspects. Sexual experiences create a physiological cycle in people with the interaction of biological and psychic factors. For this reason, sexual dysfunctions are broadly defined as physiological, cognitive, emotional or behavioral problems that prevent a person from experiencing satisfactory sexual activity, sexual intercourse or orgasm.
According to research on the frequency of sexual dysfunction. 30%-60% of women and 40% of men experience at least one sexual dysfunction throughout their lives. While the most common sexual dysfunctions in women are 'sexual desire disorder and arousal disorders', the most common sexual dysfunction in men is 'premature ejaculation'.
Many studies on sexuality in our country have included sexual dysfunctions and every A disorder is discussed in detail. According to a study, 92.8% of men and 54% of women evaluate sexuality positively. negative about sexuality These emotions were mostly seen in older groups. According to this study, among patients with sexual dysfunction, 25% of women and 5% of men complained of low sexual desire.
To the extent that the individual has a satisfactory sexual life that can meet his wishes and desires, the psychological It is healthy in general and in general. Impairment of sexual health does not only mean deterioration of physical health, but also deterioration of mental health, family health and social health by affecting each other.
Organic and psychological reasons lie behind the formation of sexual dysfunctions, and most of the time this The reasons play a role together in the emergence of the problem. Even if the disorder is only organic at first or occurs due to various organic reasons such as drug use, psychological factors can also be added to the picture over time and worsen the situation.
The causes of sexual dysfunctions are usually complex and multifaceted. occurs as a result of the interaction process. There are preparatory, initiating and sustaining factors in the emergence of these problems. In the most general sense, sexual dysfunctions are disorders that prevent the individual from having sexual intercourse as he wishes.
Extensive research has been carried out around the world over the last forty years on why sexual dysfunctions occur. Although a number of reasons have been identified, a definitive answer cannot be given as to why this problem suddenly occurs in a person. Sometimes, a negative and unknowing comment made by one of the partners in a marriage can suddenly cause a functional sexual disorder to occur in either himself or his spouse. Most of the time, partners are not aware of such a situation.
The factors that play a role in the first emergence of sexual dysfunctions are listed below:
1. Incompatibility between partners
2. Sexual communication problems
3. Partners having a sexual problem
4. Performance anxiety
5. Physical or psychiatric diseases
6. Fatigue and stress
7. Excessive substance use
/> 8. Fear of pregnancy
9. Marriage
10. Pre-marital and extra-marital relationships
According to DSM-V, the classification of sexual dysfunctions is as follows:
302.74. Delayed ejaculation
302.72. Erectile dysfunction
302.72. Female orgasmic disorder
302.72. Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder in Women
302.76. Pain in Genital Organs-Pelvis/Penetration Disorder
302.71. Low Sexual Desire Disorder in Men
302.75. Premature Ejaculation
Substance/Drug Induced Sexual Desire Disorder
302.79. Another Specified SD
302.70. Unspecified SD
Actually, sexual problems or disorders are family-related problems. Its incidence in the general population is not low at all. As many studies show, 50% of couples have a certain sexual dysfunction or some complaints about their sexual life.
Sexual dysfunctions in women; Lack of sexual desire, sexual aversion disorder, arousal and orgasm disorder, vaginismus and painful sexual intercourse problems; In men, it consists of low sexual desire, sexual aversion disorder, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and other ejaculation disorders, and painful sexual intercourse problems. Sexual dysfunctions of men and women will be explained in the next section (İncesu, 2004).
Sexual Dysfunctions in Women
Sexual dysfunctions in women are defined as follows;
Sexual Arousal Disorder in Women:
Sexual arousal disorder in women is a condition in which the vaginal lubrication required for comfortable sexual intercourse is constantly and recurrently inadequate. This disorder causes distress in people or difficulties in interpersonal relationships.
Inhibited Female Orgasm:
Orgasm disorder in women is the persistent delay of orgasm following a normal sexual arousal. It is defined as its absence or absence. It is observed that orgasm problems can occur mostly with the couples' knowledge and expectations about orgasm, and with the man's attitude of questioning his own power and performance.
The woman experiencing orgasm disorder, just like the man who ejaculates late, has varying degrees of problems in releasing the orgasm reflex. don't live In order to be diagnosed with sexual arousal disorder in women, vaginal lubrication that allows for comfortable sexual intercourse must be constantly inadequate. It should also be based on the clinician's judgment that the woman's ability to orgasm is less than expected, considering her age, sexual experience, and the adequacy of the sexual stimulation she receives. This disorder causes significant distress or difficulties in interpersonal relationships.
Important psychological causes of this disorder include conservative value judgments, feelings of guilt, sexual traumas, inadequate sexual knowledge and experience, emotional preparations or sexual intercourse with the partner. Lack of emotional communication, insufficient foreplay and sexual stimulation, premature ejaculation in the partner or insufficient duration of sexual intercourse due to difficulty in erection.
Orgasm disorder in women may occur later in life, although it was not present in the previous periods of life. Among the most common causes are incompatibility between spouses, marital problems, sexual trauma, various gynecological and systemic diseases, medications, alcohol or drug use.
Female sexual arousal disorder is women presenting with all sexual complaints. It was detected at a rate of 20-35% among Although it is said to be more common after the age of thirty, it is most common between the ages of 50-59. Women with arousal phase-related dysfunction often also have orgasm problems, and in a group of relatively happily married couples, 33% of women were found to have difficulty maintaining sexual excitement. According to some studies, it has been determined that 14-19% of women experience chronic lubrication-related problems and 23% experience intermittent lubrication-related problems. Problems with continuous or intermittent lubrication have been found to reach 44% in studies conducted with postmenopausal women. Fear of performance and 'self-watching' behavior are important factors among the causes of sexual arousal disorders.
Dyspareunia (Pain disorder):
Sexual pain disorder, before sexual intercourse, It is defined as the presence of persistent or recurrent genital pain during or after It is like. In order to be diagnosed with dyspareunia, the pain must not be caused by lack of vaginal lubrication or vaginismus.
If pain is felt at the entrance of the vagina in women, etiological causes such as lack of stimulation, a mild vaginismus condition, vaginal infection and Bartholini cyst should be investigated. If the pain decreases and disappears as the duration of sexual intercourse increases, it is revealed that it is due to lack of stimulation.
Vaginismus:
Vaginismus, which is a problem unique to women and unique to men, is a problem that protects the entrance to the vagina. the muscles are conditioned to respond spasmodically whenever any penetration is attempted. This disorder therefore makes sexual intercourse impossible.
Vaginismus can be defined as continuous or recurring involuntary contractions in the muscles in the outer third of the vagina, preventing intercourse. This disorder causes significant distress or distress between partners.
This contraction is involuntary, that is, it is a contraction that occurs outside the conscious control of the woman. This contraction is accompanied by contractions in the whole body, closing of the legs, a virtual locking, fear, avoidance of sexual intercourse, and the belief that there will be no entry. Rarely, sexual intercourse occurs, but since the contraction continues, sexual intercourse is painful and distressing. Vaginismus usually develops with the beginning of sexual life, or more precisely, attempts at sexual intercourse, and much less frequently, after gynecological examination, abortion, difficult or complicated births, or similar experiences. It causes him to think that he is lacking and to feel guilty towards his partner. The man may also feel anger towards his partner, or he may experience resentment and erection difficulties because he feels unwanted or rejected. Sometimes it can cause spouses to doubt their virginity. It often causes criminal cases, divorce, attempted rape or physical violence.
Lack of Sexual Desire:
In general, it is more common in women than in men. In fact, it is the most common sexual dysfunction among women in our country. The main reason for this is the spread of myths about sexuality.
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