Rhesus (Rh) factor is a special protein carried on Erythrocytes, which are red blood cells. Transport of this protein in erythrocytes is an inherited feature. If this protein is present in the blood, it is called Rh+ blood group, which is the most common situation. If there is no this protein in the blood, it is called Rh- blood group and it is a rare blood group compared to the other.
The type of our blood group does not have much importance in terms of our health in our general life. But when it comes to pregnancy, blood groups become important. If you are pregnant with the Rh- blood group and your partner is with the Rh+ blood group, then we call this situation Rh Incompatibility. Pregnant women with Rh Incompatibility need special care. This special care should be provided by the Physician monitoring the pregnancy. What we specifically mean here consists of special information to be given to the pregnant woman with Rh Incompatibility, some tests and Anti-D Immunoglobulin G applied when necessary.
During pregnancy, a small amount of mixing may occur between the mother's and the baby's blood. If the mother's blood type is Rh +, this mixing does not cause any problems. However, if you have the Rh - blood group and your baby is Rh +, you will start producing antibodies due to your baby's blood mixing with yours. These antibodies pass to the baby and begin to break down your baby's red blood cells. It is characteristic that these events do not occur in the first pregnancy. If the first baby of an Rh - mother is Rh +, the problem of Rh Incompatibility will occur for all subsequent Rh + babies. In other words, the mother's antibodies destroy the baby's red blood cells in the womb and a fatal anemia occurs in the baby. As a result of this, the baby experiences heart failure in the womb and fluid accumulation throughout the body. This condition is called Erythroblastosis Fetalis. This is a difficult condition that is almost impossible to treat for the baby. For this reason, the situation should be determined before the incident occurs, and no expectant mother should be faced with such a situation.
If the spouse of the expectant Rh - mother who becomes pregnant is Rh +, in order to prevent the occurrence of Erythroblastosis Fetalis, the expectant mother who is pregnant must first undergo a test called the Indirect Coombs test. test is done. This test shows us whether the mother's and baby's blood is mixed. Normally, this test is performed in the first trimester and 28th week of pregnancy. If Ind If the direct Coombs test is negative, antibody formation has not started and a substance called Anti-D Immunoglobulin G is injected into the expectant mother. When this injection, popularly known as the Incompatibility Injection, is administered to the expectant mother, the production of antibodies produced against the baby's blood cells, which causes lethal anemia in the baby, stops. Immunoglobulin Anti – D (Incompatibility Injection) is also given when a mother with Rh – blood group gives birth to an Rh + baby. The purpose here is to stop the production of antibodies against the mother if the next baby is Rh +.
In what cases is Anti-D Immunoglobulin G (Incompatibility Injection) performed?
If you have the Rh - blood group, You should receive Anti-D Immunoglobulin G injection if you come into contact with any type of Rh + blood type blood.
Miscarriage
Abortion
Ectopic Pregnancy
Molar Pregnancy
Amniocentesis
Chorion Villus Sampling
Cordocentesis
Bleeding during pregnancy for any reason
Turning the abdomen during pregnancy
The baby's turning from breech to head or from head to breech before birth
If the Indirect Coombs Test is positive, it means that antibody production has started in the mother. In this case, there is no point in doing Anti – D Immunoglobulin G. In this case, the baby should be closely monitored. If necessary, a blood transfusion is given to the baby from the umbilical cord in the womb or after birth.
Mother Father Baby Precautions
Rh + Rh + Rh + No Requirement
Rh + Rh – Rh + or Rh – No Requirement
Rh – Rh – Rh – No Requirement
Rh – Rh + Rh + Anti D Immunoglobulin G applications
Rh – Rh + Rh – No requirement
Read: 0
