High blood pressure during pregnancy is a condition that is considered high-risk and requires close monitoring. It means that the detected blood pressure is 140 in systole, 90 in diastole and above. The first thing to do is to distinguish whether it is a chronic hypertension disease that existed before pregnancy or a high blood pressure that occurs with pregnancy. Blood pressure of 160/110 and above is considered severe hypertension.
The situation of having a known hypertension disease before pregnancy or detecting hypertension in the expectant mother before the 20th week of pregnancy is called chronic hypertension. It is common in women with obesity or advanced maternal age during pregnancy. If the blood pressure in such expectant mothers can be kept under control at mild to moderate levels, partly by using medication, partly by diet and salt restriction, the pregnancy goes relatively well. However, in case of blood pressure that cannot be controlled despite precautions, risks for mother and baby health increase.
High blood pressure, which occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and usually returns to normal by the end of the puerperal period, is called preeclampsia (pregnancy hypertension poisoning among the public). In the mechanism of this disease, there is a deterioration in the baby's placental nutrition and an increase in maternal blood pressure due to the effect of secreted hormones.
25% of expectant mothers with chronic hypertension may develop preeclampsia during the following pregnancy.
Preeclampsia causes high blood pressure in the mother; Edema in the hands and face, protein leakage in the urine, rapid weight gain, severe headache in advanced stages, nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper right abdomen, temporary vision loss, blurred vision and light flutters may occur, even loss of consciousness - seizure (eclampsia). Serious liver and kidney function disorders that threaten the life of mother and baby can be seen, such as cerebral edema, cerebral hemorrhage, shortness of breath due to pulmonary edema, and Hellp syndrome. During this period, the baby may experience developmental delay, premature birth, and sudden baby death due to bleeding and separation of the placenta.
High blood pressure drugs that can be used safely during pregnancy are limited, and lowering the uncontrolled maternal blood pressure after a certain degree will help the baby. It is a life-threatening condition for the baby as it can also disrupt the blood supply to the body.
The main treatment for preeclampsia is delivery, where the week of pregnancy and whether the baby is potentially viable after birth are important. While the mother can be followed up to a certain period of time in terms of baby lung development in patients with mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia and hellp In severe cases such as syndrome, the pregnancy is terminated by birth regardless of the week, considering the danger to the mother's life. In this case, the risk of cesarean delivery increases.
Patients with a family history of high blood pressure, who have encountered a similar situation in a previous pregnancy, who have weight problems, and who have twin pregnancies should be more careful. To reduce the risks in this regard, weight and blood pressure monitoring during pregnancy, a salt-free diet in chronic hypertension patients, an adequate and balanced diet that is low in carbohydrates and rich in protein, especially vegetables, meat, dairy products and legumes, not being tired and sleepless, not smoking, stress control, suitable for pregnancy. It is important to do exercises and, in risky situations, to have regular check-ups according to the advice of the expert.
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