Prostate Cancer is a malignant tumor of the prostate gland, which is seen in men over the age of 40-45 and whose frequency increases significantly with age. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, and ranks fifth in cancer-related deaths in the world. The lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer has been found to be 6%, and the rate of death from this disease is approximately 2.9%. In autopsy examinations of men who died other than prostate cancer, the rate of microscopic prostate cancer was found to be 60-80%, especially in men aged 80 and over. This gives us It shows that the risk of prostate cancer increases with age. Roughly, only 1/5 of prostate cancers in men are diagnosed during their lifetime, and the remaining 4/5 die for a reason other than prostate cancer. Roughly 1/5 of those diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer die due to prostate cancer. In other words, although it is so common, it is not such a lethal type of cancer. This information shows that our patients should be divided into two groups: clinically significant or lethal prostate cancer and clinically insignificant prostate cancer or prostate cancer that does not need to be treated. Developments in diagnostic tools and increased life expectancy increase the number of diagnosed prostate cancers. With the widespread use of PSA (Prostate specific antigen) in diagnosis, the number of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer has doubled, and with it the number of prostate cancers that are clinically insignificant and may not require treatment is increasing. Therefore, screening using PSA blood tests after a certain age causes earlier and more prostate cancer diagnoses, leading to negative side effects of treatment in some patients - deterioration in quality of life, additional surgery risk and some economic losses. Moreover, treatment methods are not standard for every patient, especially in prostate cancers limited to the prostate. Treatment alternatives vary depending on the patient's age, cancer stage and degree, whether he is sexually active or not, and the patient's socio-cultural and economic conditions. It seems more logical to screen people at genetic risk for prostate cancer.
Definite Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer ri:
1- Age: The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age. The average age at diagnosis of prostate cancer is 69. Prostate cancer is rare under the age of 40 (1/10 000), the risk of prostate cancer in the 40-59 age group is 1/103, and in the 60-79 age group this rate is 1/8. This shows us that age is the most important risk factor.
2-Familial and genetic predisposition: The risk of prostate cancer occurring in one member of the family is 4 times higher than that of normal people. -6 times higher, for example, if an individual who is diagnosed with prostate cancer at the age of 70, the risk of prostate cancer in another man in his family is 4 times, if the individual with the disease is diagnosed at the age of 60, this rate is 5 times higher, and if he is diagnosed at the age of 50, the risk of prostate cancer in other family members is It was found 7 times more. Accordingly, the second most important risk for prostate cancer is having a patient with prostate cancer in the family. This risk increases as the number of prostate cancer patients in the family increases. In addition, if there is a family member with prostate cancer, the risk of breast cancer is also increased in women. 9% of all prostate cancers and 45% of prostate cancers under the age of 55 are genetic, and prostate cancers with this genetic feature have a worse prognosis.
3-Race: Prostate cancer is 3-4 times more common in black people than in yellow (Far Eastern) and white races, and has a worse course than other races. Death rates due to prostate cancer have been found to be higher in black races. Average serum androgen (male hormone) rates in the black race were found to be approximately 20% higher than in other races, although this is important in showing us that there is a relationship between fertility hormone and prostate cancer, this relationship has not been proven. Although anti-androgens are used in basic treatment, the role of androgens in prostate cancer has been considered among the possible risk factors.
4-Nutrition: Western type of diet low in fatty, fiber-free, plant-based foods, and obesity are among the possible risk factors for prostate cancer. Because the incidence of prostate cancer in the Far East is comparable to the American society. While it is many times less common than other immigrants, this rate is approaching the current rates in America for immigrant Far Easterners. This shows how important nutrition is in the risk of developing clinical prostate cancer. It has been shown that fish consumption reduces prostate cancer. Obesity has also been shown to negatively affect the prognosis of prostate cancer. It has been stated that the intake of lycopene, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids (fish) and vitamin E reduces the risk, while calcium and excessive vitamin D intake increases the risk.
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