Team Sports
Although three energy systems (phosphogen, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic system) are used in team sports, which are games where two or more players come together and play competitively, they are generally Since matches involve high intensity activity, the dominant system is the anaerobic system. When it comes to low intensity activities, the aerobic system comes into play. Energy requirements are highly variable and individual. The reason for this is that it depends on many factors such as the intensity and duration of the sport, the athlete's position, daily-weekly exercise programs, and the athlete's personal characteristics. Similarly, carbohydrates are calculated specifically for the individual, regardless of the team, because they are a source for both the aerobic and anaerobic systems, therefore their deficiency negatively affects athlete performance.
Protein is a very necessary macronutrient for athletes. When aiming for weight loss, the protein rate should be increased in the diet to prevent weight loss from muscle mass. However, it should not be overdone as it prevents glycogen stores from reaching sufficient fullness. In general, the requirement for protein is 1.2-1.7 g/kg. When the athlete wants to gain weight from muscle, this amount can increase up to 2.5-3.0 g/kg.
Fat is another important macronutrient and activities requiring short-term explosive power are frequently included in team games. Although the primary source of energy is carbohydrates, fats are also the main source of energy during workouts exceeding one hour. If energy cannot be provided from fats, glycogen stores will be depleted earlier and athlete performance will be negatively affected, so 20-30% of the total energy should come from fats. In addition, water consumption should be monitored to prevent the athlete from becoming dehydrated. It is necessary to provide the minerals lost through sweat, especially sodium and potassium, and supplements should be taken in case of insufficiency of vitamins and minerals. In terms of ergogenic supports, many athletes use many supplements such as beta-alanine, which causes the acid in the muscles to decrease, and bicarbonate or citrate to increase blood buffering capacity, to support their performance in team athletes, as in most athletes.
Volleyball; It is a sport in which flexibility, strength, power, agility and aerobic fitness are required to be successful. A study evaluating the diet of female volleyball players revealed that the diets consisted of high energy and protein intake and low carbohydrate intake. Calcium, folate and vitamin E were found to be below recommended levels. Their daily calorie intake was found to be around 3,945 ± 633 kcal. Distribution of macronutrients; for proteins it was 20%, for carbohydrates it was 48%, and for lipids it was 32%. As a result of this study, young athletes should be informed about the importance of dietary adequacy for health and performance improvement.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were not observed in any of the population of another study in which the eating habits, nutritional status and menstrual function of volleyball players were examined, while most athletes had low fat content. It has been observed that he does extra exercise to control weight through diet. Irregular menstrual cycle and low calcium level, which is a risk for musculoskeletal system injuries and irreversible bone mineral losses, were found to be statistically correlated with each other. As a result, it was revealed that adolescent volleyball players, who need to follow a nutritious and dense diet, should be informed about the effects of chronic energy restriction, nutritional deficiencies and menstrual cycle on physical performance.
The aim is to evaluate nutrition, supplementation and body composition parameters in volleyball players. As a result of a study, it was seen that the daily energy intake was lower than the recommended levels and was higher than cholesterol and saturated fat. It has been observed that the fiber content from the diet is insufficient in terms of consumption of mono and polyunsaturated fats. In this respect, the results and evaluation results show the need for education in the field of nutrition and the necessity of a more nutritious, balanced diet.
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