General Information About Treatment
• Treatment approaches for alcohol or substance use differ compared to other psychiatric and physical disorders.
• Various approaches have different places and importance in the treatment of these disorders. It is not possible to talk about a single approach that is effective for all those who use alcohol or drugs.
• The prognosis is quite good for those who receive appropriate treatment. Eliminating problems related to alcohol or substance use affects the course positively.
• Many factors affect recovery. These include the treatment process and compliance with treatment, the characteristics of the person seeking help, whether he really wants to be treated, the characteristics of his problems, and the interaction between all these.
• There is a linear relationship between long-term compliance with treatment and success. As the time without alcohol or substance use increases, functions in other areas of life improve.
• There are many addictive factors. For this reason, treatment methods related to substance use also vary.
• In substance addiction, the person has many social, economic, medical and psychological problems other than the substance. The best treatment method is treatment tailored to individual needs.
• Almost all addicts believe that they can quit using the substance on their own in the early stages and attempt to quit without resorting to treatment.
• However, a significant part of these efforts fail. results. Research has shown that substance use disrupts brain functions. This disorder continues for a long time after the person quits the substance.
• Therefore, the existence of treatment is necessary to prevent the patient from starting to use substances again. • On the other hand, because the expectations of substance users are different, attempts to quit alone also fail (for example, quitting the substance and not wanting to change their environment).
• The main goals of the treatment are for the person to have a productive life in the family and society after quitting the substance.
• There is no single “correct” or “best” intervention method. If that were the case, substance use and addiction These problems would be easily solved and trivial conflicts between advocates of different treatment methods would come to an end.
• Treatment plans should be considered in depth in line with the identified needs, and the treatment plan should be implemented as a result of a single intervention method or a combination of different interventions or the use of different intervention elements.
• One of the most important benefits of treatment is the prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV or hepatitis C, which are frequently seen especially among injecting drug users.
• In this sense, treatment in substance addiction is also a protective activity. Those who undergo treatment are also less likely to spread infectious diseases.
• It is common for drug users to hesitate about treatment from time to time.
• The decisions and promises they make to change may change over time. The reason behind this conflict and confusion is the reluctance to give up addiction and the fear of quitting the substance.
• Substance addicts who feel hopeless before starting treatment tend to deny their existing problems and resist treatment after starting treatment.
• Confusion and indecision are common in the first days and weeks of treatment and may cause difficulties for the specialists administering the treatment.
• Confusion and indecision are different from denial. There may be many reasons for the substance addict's indecisiveness and hesitation in treatment.
Compliance with Treatment and Therapeutic Collaboration
• It is important for the individual to continue treatment. The most important factors that enable this to occur include the individual's desire, family and social support, and the individual's pressure from the workplace, family or legal aspects. • The most important factor affecting the success of the treatment is the ability of the treater to establish a relationship with the individual.
• The patient's opinions about the treatment are very important in terms of wanting to continue the treatment and benefiting from it.
• The treatment is specific to the patient. If the patient's needs can be met, this will increase the patient's satisfaction, satisfaction and commitment to the treatment, thus facilitating the positive outcome of the treatment.
• In many medical and psychological treatment processes, patients' treatment It is very common for patients not to adhere to the course until the end.
Therapeutic collaboration is a very important element for the treatment process.
Although therapeutic rapprochement was previously used for psychoanalytic theories, today this concept is an empirical concept. It has been fundamentally redefined.
Therapeutic collaboration includes the following elements:
• The collaborative relationship established between the patient and therapist. • The emotional bond established between patient and therapist. • Agreement between the patient and therapist regarding the goals and stages of treatment.
• It has been revealed that this cooperation directly affects the results of treatment. • Therapeutic collaboration can be considered an effective form of treatment in itself, if the therapist sets change as a common goal in his communication with the patient, without the need for any intervention.
• In addition, therapeutic collaboration indirectly affects the treatment results. It can also be said that it can be effective or have a facilitating effect on some interventions.
• The skills of the therapist conducting the treatment and the ability to provide effective service may be more important than the variety of addiction treatments.
Psychosocial treatments
• The term “psychotherapy” covers a broader area than classical psychoanalysis techniques for substance addiction.
• In its broadest sense, psychotherapy is a treatment for the patient. It is the name given to the communication between the patient and the therapist that is used to change or cure the patient's "disease" and to every encounter between the patient and the healthcare professional that provides an opportunity for therapy.
• Psychotherapy in the treatment of substance addiction is an alternative treatment that is used only occasionally. It is a comprehensive treatment method that is continuous, not a strategy.
• Just as substance use replaces some aspects of interpersonal relationships, the idea has been put forward that the supportive relationship between the patient and therapist replaces substance use.
• It is sometimes claimed that patients develop addiction to their therapists.
Compulsory and coercive treatment
• The most important thing to answer is The subject is the substance use of compulsory and coercive treatment. Whether it has a positive effect on its users.
• Coercion can occur in many ways. The most common examples of coercion are pressure from family, spouse and friends.
• Coercion can also be applied as a sanction by an official institution.
• The most formal form of coercion is the criminal justice system. In this system, if the person who committed the crime is a substance user, he is compulsorily subjected to a treatment program and this process can be deducted from his sentence and his sentence can be reduced.
• The main reasons why people give up substance use are the negative consequences of substance addiction (physical health problems and a life dominated by addiction). style) and pressure from family members, close friends and people in the work environment.
• During the treatment process, people feel the pressure of more than one of these sources.
1. There is no single treatment method suitable for every individual. Each individual has his or her own problems and the treatment method to be applied should be determined according to individual characteristics.
2. Must be ready for treatment. Because substance users are hesitant about entering treatment and quitting the substance they use. Having the treatment ready at the time they decide will be an important advantage.
3. Effective treatment attempts to deal with the individual's diverse needs, not just their substance use. We must be able to deal with the individual's social, family, economic and legal problems.
4. The individual's treatment program must be continuous and adapt to the individual's changing needs. The needs of the individual may change during the treatment, therefore the necessary flexibility should be shown and necessary changes should be made in the applications.
5. The effectiveness of the treatment is closely related to the length of time the individual stays in treatment. Short-term treatments are less effective. The longer the time, the greater the success.
6. The treatment of mental problems seen in individuals who use substances or are addicted to the substance they use should be addressed together and treated simultaneously. Because the frequency of these disorders occurring together is quite high.
7. It should be constantly investigated whether the individual uses substances during treatment. Relapse is common during treatment. However, monitoring this with tests also benefits the individual. Thus, a person learns to control himself. Early diagnosis through tests is also an important advantage for the treater.
8. During aid, infectious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis must be monitored. The patient should be informed about this issue, and risky behaviors regarding the diseases in question should be corrected.
9. Recovery from substance addiction is long-lasting and often requires multiple treatments.
10. Substance addiction is a chronic disease and, like other chronic diseases, it can recur and re-treatment is required.
Targets of treatment
Alcohol and substance addiction The goals of treatment are as follows:
• To ensure that the person who uses alcohol or substances completely quits or reduces the substance he uses.
• To ensure that the person who uses alcohol or substances improves mentally and physically.
• To ensure that the person improves socially and becomes economically advantageous
• To ensure that he/she feels the pleasure of living without using any substances
• To prevent illegal activities that occur with alcohol or substance use.
• To reduce behaviors that harm oneself and society
The treatment of substance use disorders should be carried out by taking certain stages into consideration. In fact, treatment consists of two basic approaches.
• Medical treatment • Psychosocial treatment
The person's treatment should start with medical treatment. However, if the person does not use substances for a long time, then medical treatment may not be necessary. Medical treatment alone is often not enough. In this case, psychosocial treatments should be added. Before medical treatment, psychosocial treatments can be started to increase the person's motivation or for preparation purposes.
Prejudices: Another obstacle for both treatment and relationship
In addition to assumptions, prejudices are another point that should be taken into consideration. Prejudices damage the patient-interviewer/physician relationship. This means ending the treatment before it even starts. Frequently encountered prejudices are as follows:
• “Drug users are dirty
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