Diabetes, popularly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease characterized by an increase in the amount of sugar in the blood as a result of congenital lack of insulin secretion from the pancreas or inadequate secretion of insulin over time. Diabetes is divided into 2 types:
Type I Diabetes; It occurs in childhood and adolescence and is definitely treated with insulin injections and diet.
Type II Diabetes; It occurs mostly in old age, its other name is senile diabetes. It is treated with diet therapy and sugar pills. In very advanced cases, insulin injections are also used.
Nutritional treatment is essential in both types of diabetes. Aim ; To ensure that the sugar in the blood is below 100 mg/dl when fasting and below 120 mg/dl during satiety.
The most important risk factor in Type II Diabetes is malnutrition. Fasting for a long time (more than 5 hours) and suddenly eating heavily, eating a diet rich in carbohydrates such as sweets and pastries, especially simple carbohydrates, are wrong ways to eat. And it creates a basis for diabetes.
The insulin secreted is not enough to handle the high amount of glucose that suddenly passes into the blood by consuming foods made from table sugar and white flour, which we call dense simple carbohydrates. When you fast for a long time, the pancreas secretes insulin at long intervals, slowing down its work. When a suddenly high amount of glucose enters the blood, the slowed pancreas cannot release insulin in sufficient amounts and causes the sugar in the blood to remain high.
Similarly, upper body obesity, also known as 'android type' obesity, is also known as 'apple type' obesity. The increase in fat tissue around the pancreas also slows down the functioning of the pancreas and negatively affects insulin release.
The basis of nutritional therapy is It is based on small and frequent feedings.
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Based on the hours the individual uses during the day, breakfast - lunch - dinner main meals and snacks should be arranged in accordance with these hours from the moment the individual wakes up.
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The interval between main and snack meals should not exceed 3 hours.
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Consuming both a carbohydrate source and a protein source at each meal will reduce blood sugar. It prevents it from rising too much and makes the person feel more energetic.
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Foods made from table sugar and white flour, which we call simple carbohydrates, are not used.
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Foods made from whole wheat and whole grain flour, which we call complex carbohydrates, are preferred.
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Eating high-sugar vegetables such as potatoes and carrots should be avoided.
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Fruits with a high glycemic index (that is, those that increase blood sugar rapidly) such as dried fruits, bananas, figs, peaches, watermelons, melons, grapes, dates, and mulberries should be avoided.
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Sugary foods such as honey, molasses and jam should be avoided.
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Any beverages with added sugar should not be consumed.
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The number of calories a person consumes Since a high value will increase blood sugar, the calories needed are; It should be adjusted according to age, gender, weight, fat-muscle ratio, working style and degree of physical activity.
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Increasing the person's daily physical activity should help reduce the sugar level in the blood.
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Since the diabetic individual is constantly treated with insulin, the lowest sugar level in his blood is in the morning on an empty stomach. In diabetic individuals who do sports, doing sports on an empty stomach in the morning may negatively affect the person as it will further lower blood sugar. Sugar Low weight can cause fatigue and fear, alienating the person from sports and leading to a sedentary life. In order to prevent this, sports hours should be set 2 hours after any main meal or 1 hour after any snack.
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Nutrition education for diabetic people receiving insulin treatment should be provided properly and thoroughly by a dietician. It should be explained clearly and understandably. Because if you delay eating after taking an insulin injection, hypoglycemia may occur as blood sugar will drop excessively. In case of severe hypoglycemia, the person may need to go to the hospital immediately.
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It is very important that the meal times are not disrupted and the person does not reduce the diet program given to him/her at his/her own discretion. The importance of this should be explained to the diabetic person in a clear and understandable manner by the dietitian.
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If the person is at home when he cannot eat out of necessity and therefore experiences low blood sugar, in order to avoid hypoglycemia and for his blood sugar to reach normal values quickly. 2-3 sugar cubes should be mixed into 1 tea glass of warm water and drunk. If you encounter such a situation outside, you should drink 1 small box of fruit juice. Patients' relatives should be informed about this.
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Complications of diabetes include vascular occlusion, diabetes-related heart failure, fatty liver, and kidney failure. For this reason, taking too much fat with food should be avoided. Therefore, fat-free cooking methods should be preferred, fat-free or semi-fat milk and dairy products should be used, refined salt consumption should be reduced, and salt-rich pickles, canned, pickled foods and delicatessen products (such as salami, sausages, etc.) should not be used.
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Although research on cinnamon continues, it is thought that adding cinnamon to fruits or milk or yoghurt has a balancing effect on blood sugar.
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Plenty of water. Drinking will have a positive and protective effect on the veins as it will enable the metabolism to work more easily and thin the blood.
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