Cholesterol is found as a building block in cell membranes in body tissues. It is carried in blood plasma. It is a combination of lipid (fat) and alcohol. It is made from bile acids, steroid hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones) and Vit D cholesterol. The normal value of cholesterol in the blood is 180. -200 mg. It is undesirable for health if it falls below these values. Cholesterol is carried by lipoproteins in the blood. These are 3 groups: HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). It is defined as good cholesterol. High LDL and VLDL levels are undesirable, so they are called bad cholesterol.
HDL cholesterol carries fat from blood vessels to the liver. It should be more than one. The risk of clogging of the heart vessels is low. There are those who think that egg consumption should be limited since the amount of cholesterol in the egg is high (250-300 mg in one egg yolk). .Lecithin is an important factor in the penetration of fat into water. Because of this feature, lecithin helps in the use of fats in tissues. Thus, eggs can be eaten once a day, except for people with high familial blood fat.
The body produces most of the cholesterol in the blood. It is reported that when there is a restriction in dietary cholesterol, the production in the body may increase, therefore, cholesterol restriction is not necessary when it is not considered necessary under the control of a doctor.(1)
How should we take nutritional precautions if the doctor deems it necessary: >We said that the structure of bile is cholesterol: When bile comes to the duodenum (12 fingers intestine), it is secreted from the gallbladder through the bile duct to do its job. After it finishes its work, it is taken back by the liver cells by passing through the intestinal mucosa. Up to 700 ml of bile is secreted per day. It helps in the digestion of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
If from the liver (gallbladder) to the duodenum (12 p If we prevent the reabsorption of the bile secreted from the intestinal mucosa, that is, if we keep the bile in the intestine and allow it to be excreted, the body will have to make bile again. Since the structure of bile is cholesterol, the body uses blood cholesterol for the production of bile. Thus, the amount of cholesterol in the blood decreases. and its reabsorption is prevented: The fiber we take with food binds with bile salts in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and allowing them to be excreted.
There is a water-insoluble fiber in foods. We can simply call them cellulose. They can be digested to some extent by fermentation by the friendly bacteria in the intestine. Another type of pulp is water-soluble pulp. This type of pulp is called pectin. These substances are found in plants. Whole wheat bread made with sourdough is both water-insoluble pulp (cellulose). ) and water-soluble pulp. Vegetables also contain both types of pulp. Fruits are sources of both cellulose and pectin. However, since they are very sugary, their consumption should be limited.
Plenty of raw vegetable and vegetable juice, whole wheat flour with sourdough Bread, legumes, and consuming enough fruit have a cholesterol-lowering effect as they provide plenty of fiber. Lactabacillus bacteria, which is used in making yoghurt and whole wheat flour bread with sourdough, is probiotic (contributing to intestinal flora bacteria and increasing their numbers).
The most important group of probiotic microorganisms is lactic acid bacteria. studies have been conducted and it has been shown that probiotic products, especially containing certain lactobacillus species, decrease high cholesterol levels in the blood. /p>
2-Deconjugation (release) of bile acids by bacterial acid hydrolases
Binding of 3-Cholesterol to the bacterial wall
4-Inhibition (inhibition) of hepatic (in the liver) cholesterol synthesis or the direction of cholesterol from the blood plasma to the liver.
The serum cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotic bacteria The most accepted view for the explanation is that bacteria with probiotic properties in the intestines can lower serum cholesterol levels by releasing bile salts.
The solubility of free bile acids is less. For this reason, the liberation of bile salts in the small intestine leads to the excretion of more bile acids from the intestinal canal. With the increased excretion of bile acids, the amount of bile acid returning to the liver with enterohepatic (intestinal-liver) circulation decreases. To complete this deficiency, the liver uses the existing cholesterol in the body to produce more bile. It synthesizes acid. Thus, the use of cholesterol, which is the precursor of bile acid, increases in order to produce more bile acid, and thus a decrease in serum cholesterol level occurs. It is stated that the bile salts released due to the liberation of bile salts adhere better to the bacteria and dietary fibers, so that the amount of bile salt secreted may increase. Different studies have shown that some bacteria can reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the intestines to the blood by joining the membrane structure or clinging to the cholesterol surface. (2010) showed that cholesterol decreased by using the bacteria they separated from homemade yogurt in their study. Another study showed that orotic acid and its metabolites formed during the fermentation (fermentation) of dairy products reduce the cholesterol value. Researchers who detected significant amounts of orotic acid levels in fermented milk products, They found that the synthesis of fatty acids decreased in the liver of mice fed with acid, a decrease in the amount of triacylglycerol (triglyceride), phospholipid and cholesteryl ester (2).
Kefir contains a high percentage of orotic acid. It is of great importance in the synthesis of acids (DNA AND RNA) and in benefiting from proteins.(3)
Collesterol level of microorganisms belonging to Lactobacillus species As a result of a study conducted to determine the amount of daily consumption together with yogurt for cooling, it was determined that the serum cholesterol level decreased between 33% and 22%.
In the light of all this information, in order not to raise cholesterol, it is necessary to have plenty of vegetables, olive oil, vegetable juices (carrots, tomatoes, etc.), plenty of yogurt, kefir (500gr/day), whole wheat bread with sourdough, enough fruit, legumes, plenty of fish, and food. .1 egg per day, enough red meat (2 times a week)
Avoid sugar.
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