Dermoid cysts or teratomas are known as benign tumors that occur in the ovaries. It has a dense texture. It may contain some tissues that would not normally be found in the ovaries, such as hair, bone, fat, nails and even teeth. It can be seen in both men and women. It occurs in the testicles in men and in the ovaries in women. Due to possible complications, it should be removed surgically when it reaches a certain size. Dermoid cyst has a sac-like structure with solid and liquid contents. It is usually smaller than 9-10 cm and does not reach very large sizes. Most dermoid cysts are benign tumors. Very few are called immature teratomas and can cause cancer. Dermoid cyst can be seen in both ovaries in one of every 10 patients. Therefore, preoperative evaluation should be done carefully. When the cyst is removed from one side, if there is a cyst in the other ovary and it cannot be noticed, the cyst recurs. Dermoid cysts are not cysts that form later in the body. This tissue, which is present in the ovary at birth, grows over time and appears before us.
Dermoid Cyst Symptoms
Dermoid cysts are usually asymptomatic (no symptoms). This may delay the diagnosis and the size of the cyst may increase. Since it has no symptoms, it can be seen in manual examination or ultrasonographic examination during routine gynecological examinations. Although most of them are harmless, cyst enlargement can cause various complications and symptoms.
Findings that dermoid cyst may cause:
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Pain experienced during sexual intercourse
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Diffuse abdominal pain
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Abnormal vaginal bleeding
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Visible or palpable swelling in the abdomen
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Rapid weight gain
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Nausea, dizziness, vomiting
Symptoms like these can be signs of dermoid cysts. It would be helpful to consult a specialist to find a definitive answer.
How is a Dermoid Cyst Diagnosed?
Dermoid cysts may be asymptomatic (no symptoms occur). Therefore, it becomes more difficult for patients to apply to the clinic. Diagnosis It can be placed during a routine gynecological control. It most commonly occurs in the 20s and 30s. Diagnosis can be made with imaging tests such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Dermoid cysts have a distinctive appearance that makes them easy to diagnose by imaging methods. The fat, hair, tooth and nail tissues in its content are decisive.
Dermoid Cyst Treatment
Surgical treatment in cysts of 5 cm and above in women is considered. As the size of the cyst increases, the risk of pressure sensation, rupture of the cyst and most importantly torsion increases. Under normal conditions, benign and harmless cysts can lead to serious consequences as they grow. Laparoscopic surgery is used to treat dermoid cysts. During laparoscopy, the patient is under general anesthesia. A few incisions smaller than 1 cm are made so that only surgical instruments can enter. All movements are monitored by a monitor. The purpose of laparoscopic dermoid cyst surgery is to remove the cyst from the area before it grows and without damaging the surrounding tissues, especially the ovaries. After the cyst is separated from the ovary with laparoscopic instruments, it is taken into a safe bag and taken out of the abdomen. In this way, the spread of the cyst contents into the abdomen and the possibility of recurrence are eliminated, and at the same time, intra-abdominal infection that may occur as a result of contamination of the cyst contents to the abdomen is prevented. The patient is discharged the day after the surgery and can return to his normal life a few days after the surgery.
Dermoid Cyst Surgery
Although ovarian cysts are considered harmless, they can cause various health problems. should be specified. Cysts can grow, albeit slowly, and this can cause ovarian torsion. This can cause severe pain by blocking blood flow to the ovary. Since the torsion situation will also prevent the feeding of the ovary, it can lead to a serious picture up to tissue damage (necrosis) and ovarian loss. This can result in infertility. In some cases, open surgery may be required for various reasons. In this method, to reach the cyst in the ovary, An incision is used to open the anterior cavity completely. We can say that the surgery is performed with open methods, especially if the cyst is very large or has the potential to become malignant. Patients receive general anesthesia for both surgical procedures so they do not feel pain, tingling or pain. After the surgery, you may feel a slight pain at the surgical site. However, this pain can be reduced with the use of painkillers. In this regard, your doctor will arrange the appropriate treatment after surgery.
After Dermoid Cyst Surgery
After dermoid cyst surgery, sometimes abdominal swelling can be seen. This situation is usually due to the gases formed in the intestine after anesthesia and is a temporary situation. This swelling usually subsides gradually within a week. You can start exercising 1-2 months after the surgery. No abdominal swelling is observed in the long term after the surgery. Depending on the type of surgery, there may be a complaint of pain after the operation, but this will decrease with each passing day. When to start sexual intercourse after ovarian cyst surgery; It depends on your health, the extent of the surgery and your doctor's recommendations. In a normal operation, there is no harm in intercourse after 3 weeks. If pregnancy is not allowed or if it is determined by your doctor as undesirable, a modern contraceptive method must be used. It may be recommended to use oral contraceptives, namely birth control pills. If pregnancy is not planned, it is recommended to use birth control pills, especially after chocolate cyst surgery. There is no harm in getting pregnant after ovarian cyst surgery. If there is no additional health problem, pregnancy can be planned approximately two months after the surgery.
Is a Dermoid Cyst Dangerous?
These cysts are benign tumors. The probability of it turning into cancer in the future is extremely low. Also called mature teratomas, these cysts don't usually turn into cancer. But the same tissue can give rise to tumors known as immature teratomas, which unfortunately behave like malignant tumors. Small dermoid cysts are usually detected on ultrasonographic examination for other reasons and are generally not risky or dangerous. year. However, when the growing cyst reaches a size of 5 cm or larger over time, torsion (turning around itself) and pain may occur. This condition can cause ovarian loss by cutting off blood flow to the ovary. Although this probability is low, there is a possibility that it will happen. In this case, it may be necessary to correct the ovary with emergency surgery, remove the cyst and send it to pathology. In addition, very large cysts may cause discomfort by pressing on other organs.
Dermoid Cyst How Many cm Is It Dangerous?
Dermoid cysts of 5 cm and larger may pose a danger to the patient and a condition called torsion may occur. Since the capsules surrounding these cysts are quite thick, the rupture rate is quite low, but it is rarely seen.
Is Dermoid Cyst Genetic?
Dermoid cysts develop from germ cells. Stem cells turn into different tissues from egg cells due to various obstacles that occur in the process of division. Dermoid cyst is not genetic the disease is not passed from mother to daughter.
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