School and family are two important means of socialization. Especially; Family members, teachers, classmates and peers with whom the child has relationships are the most important building blocks of the socialization process. Family and school environment; It is an important factor not only in the socialization process but also in the development of certain personality traits of the individual. For example; In many studies, we see that family and school experiences and the way they perceive these experiences are of great importance in the development of an individual's self-esteem. However, some family characteristics may affect a child's mental development and school success, but not their emotional well-being or general level of adjustment. For example; academic achievement orientation in the family; It may enable the child to strive to be successful in school, but this may not directly contribute positively to the development of his or her self-esteem.
Self-esteem is a personality variable that affects different aspects of individuals' lives and can be defined as a prerequisite for healthy personality development. Level of self-esteem; It affects everything a person thinks, says and does, the way he sees the world, the way other people look at him, the choices he makes about his life, his ability to give and receive love, and his power to take action to change what needs to be changed.
Self-esteem is “the individual's ability to It can also be defined as "the degree to which people perceive it as important, successful and valuable". In other words, "self-esteem is our positive and negative attitudes towards ourselves". Self-esteem affects individuals' social, emotional, cognitive and academic lives. Self-esteem, which is a prerequisite for a healthy personality, is one's; It plays an important role in being an active and participatory member of society. Active participation in society brings personal success and happiness. High self-esteem causes the person to be more effective, active and confident in his/her relationships with the environment.
The child's self-esteem can be improved in four ways:
Increased self-esteem of the individual. By investigating the reasons for its low performance, the interventions will determine the areas that it deems important and worthy of feeling success or competence. Thus, he/she can be supported to strengthen himself/herself in these areas. The emotional support and acceptance he receives from others has a strong impact not only on his social relationships but also on the development of his self-esteem. While the support and acceptance from family members or teachers is important during childhood, the support and acceptance from peers begins to become more important with adolescence. Success also affects self-esteem because it allows the individual to develop a sense of self-sufficiency. In addition, self-esteem is also positively affected in situations where the child encounters a problem and tries to cope with it rather than running away. In this way, he begins to evaluate himself fairly, and this evaluation enables him to experience self-acceptance, which in turn supports self-esteem. However, on the other hand, ineffective self-evaluations can develop some mechanisms such as denial and escape. This causes a negative self-perception or an inability to evaluate reality correctly.
He researched the effects of family and parental attitudes on the development of high self-esteem levels, and in his research, he found three variables related to families with children with high self-esteem:
Studies carried out; showed that family relationships also affect children's anxiety and worry levels. Many scientific studies have observed that children of families that support personal development and encourage independence and success are more assertive and self-sufficient. It has been found that children of families that care about the system of relationships within the family are free from anxiety and are more tolerant and cheerful.
About the effects of children's school experiences on their self-esteem levels. Studies have observed that participation in classroom activities, the innovative techniques used by the teacher, and the clarity of the rules increase the students' sense of satisfaction. It has been found that absenteeism increases in classrooms that are too competitive, teacher-centered, and have low teacher support. These studies have shown that in classes where student participation and teacher support are high, students' desire to improve themselves is higher. At the same time; Another important finding is that children in classes where participation, feeling part of the group and high teacher support are experienced have a more positive self-concept.
All these studies have shown that when the effects of the family and school environment are examined in terms of the child's personality, which How the behavior is demonstrated is very important. In summary, "what and how we do" with our children and students determines the cornerstones we put on their personality.
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