With weight loss, menstruation becomes regular in women, ovulation is achieved and
fertility increases.
Pre-pregnancy nutrition
% It is stated that such negative situations can be improved with weight loss.
With the increase in BMI in the pre-pregnancy period, the risk of hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and high
birth weight increases.
Leptin concentration is high in obese individuals. It is suggested that high leptin levels with BMI may cause disorders in reproductive
functions.
Testosterone levels of fat and obese men are lower than their normal weight counterparts
>The lower the sperm quality and the more common infertility.
About 9 kg in body weight. An increase of 10% increases the risk of infertility by 10%.
It has been observed that the spermatogenesis cycle cannot be maintained properly under normal weight.
If the mother has calcium deficiency in the pre-pregnancy period and there is not sufficient Ca intake during pregnancy
Calcium is supplied to the fetus from the maternal skeleton. For this reason, the mother's Ca
intake should be questioned in preconception care.
Increasing calcium intake during pregnancy is important for the bone health of the fetus and the mother.
Iodine is one of the most important preventable brain damage. is the reason. The use of iodized salt should not be neglected.
Stillbirth, mental retardation, cretism, increase in neonatal and infant mortality, hypothyroidism
The risk of iodine deficiency should be evaluated in preconceptional care.
Iodine If there is a deficiency, 150micrograms/day should be provided during the preconceptional period.
In preconceptional care, the expectant mother should be guided for a diet rich in Omega-3 fatty acids
.
340gr/week (1 -2 servings) of fish should be consumed. More than half of it should not be canned.
If the woman is a vegetarian during the preconception period, B12 supplement should be taken.
EFFECT OF SMOKING:The semen quality of the sons of mothers who smoke during pregnancy
p>It has been observed that it is low.
EFFECT OF CAFFEINE: Studies have shown that high levels of coffee or caffeine consumption (400-
800mg/day) has been found to be effective in delaying conception. For this reason, it has been stated that a limit of 300 mg./day caffeine
would be appropriate.
6 cups of tea/day or 3 cups of coffee/day should be the limit consumption during the preconception period.
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL :It is never safe to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome and other alcohol-related birth defects can be prevented if women
stop drinking alcohol before pregnancy.
Women who want to become pregnant should reduce their alcohol consumption to 1-2 glasses of alcohol per day. (such as wine and beer
)
There is a dose-dependent positive relationship between infertility and alcohol consumption.
Alcohol addiction causes mental retardation, malformation, It may cause developmental delay and behavioral disorders
. These effects are dose related. When a mother drinks more than 4 glasses of alcohol a day, 19% of babies are affected; With 2-4 drinks a day, this rate is around 11%.
IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE: Being healthy depends on both a balanced diet and regular exercise
. Therefore, exercise should be done regularly. By implementing a pre-pregnancy exercise program
the chance of having a comfortable and active pregnancy increases.
PRECONCEPTIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
Pregnancy should be planned. Appropriate changes in the diet should be made at least 3-4 months before conception.
Weight loss should be made if necessary.
Adequate balanced and quality nutrition should be taken into account and nutritional diversity should be provided. .
Folic acid supplementation should be provided.
Physical activity should be increased.
Alcohol, smoking, etc. Substance use should be stopped.
If there is diabetes or PKU, a diet should be followed with Medical Nutrition Therapy.
In case of drug use, dosage and content should be adjusted.
Nutrition in Old Age
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