Menopause causes both biological and psychological effects on women. In women who spend one third of their lives in the menopausal period, vasomotor changes such as night sweats, hot flashes and sleep problems, psychological changes such as anxiety, depression, restlessness, decreased sexual interest, and atrophic changes such as vaginal atrophy, stress incontinence and painful sexual intercourse are due to estrogen deficiency. Some changes may be seen.
We can list the psychological effects of menapo as follows;
Depressive mood: Not enjoying life, dissatisfaction with oneself, energy
loss.
-Irritability: Sudden outbursts of anger.
-Decrease in self-confidence: Physical changes questioning one's adequacy.
-Difficulty making decisions: Weakening of self-belief.
-Anxiety (worry)
strong>-Forgetfulness
-Having difficulty paying attention
-Feeling worthless feeling
-Insomnia
-Feeling of fatigue
-Head dizziness spells
-Decrease in sexual desire
The process of menopause varies due to various factors, and research has shown that in some cases, women may enter menopause at an earlier age. . There are studies showing that housewives and rural women enter menopause one year later than workers and other professional women. Some studies have revealed that menopause begins earlier in single women than in married women, and that smokers reach menopause 1.5 years earlier. It is suggested that the age of last pregnancy is associated with the higher age of menopause, that there may be a relationship between malnutrition and early
menopause, and that alcohol consumption and obesity cause late
menopause. There are also studies showing that it may be possible.
In the Turkey Population Health Survey, the age range of menopause is reported as between 45-49. However, menopause is common in many women, usually due to age. It becomes a period when the mother experiences a change in roles, responsibilities and relationships. It coincides with a period in which the risk of negativities such as death or illness of a spouse, divorce or separation, unemployment, death of a parent, care of the elderly, children gaining independence and leaving home (empty nest syndrome), moving to a new environment and loss of social support increases. These changes may be a source of stress for some women, affecting their self-confidence, family relationships and social lives.
This period means a period of change not only physiologically but also socially
p>is coming. There are also positive changes such as no fear of pregnancy, the joy of becoming a grandmother, regaining freedom after the children leave home, the emergence of expected opportunities for desired goals, changes in the satisfaction of marital life, and the ability to find activities to do outside the home due to a family-oriented lifestyle. This changing lifestyle may mean new opportunities for unusually responsible relationships and psychological development.
If a woman has low self-confidence, is not aware of her own value and lacks life
If her enjoyment is low, she will experience many problems during menopause, as in every field
A woman who has developed a healthy character structure and who has high self-esteem and values herself has the ability to experience the loss she experienced during menopause in a constructive way and turn it into a positive one. However, women who have not been able to achieve their expectations from themselves and from life in the past, have not been productive, or have not been able to leave anything permanent
are likely to have more difficulties in this period. There are studies showing that as women
and their partners' education and knowledge about menopause increase, their quality of life increases
. Increasing the level of knowledge is a factor that makes it easier for women to cope with stress. Accordingly, those who are knowledgeable about the menopause period have a chance of getting through this period in a healthier way than those who do not. Again, the marital harmony of women in the menopausal period is affected by the high level of understanding of their spouses. It helps them go through this period more easily. Research shows that the spouse is seen as an important confidant during menopause, and that confidant with parents, relatives or friends is not sufficient to meet the support provided by the spouse. It is shown that women's relationships with their spouses play a very important role in coping with their complaints about this period.
Although menopause is physiological and natural for every living woman, it should be considered pathological in terms of the consequences it will cause. Spouses and
children have important duties in getting through this period. Both the husband and the children should be understanding
in this period, rather than personalizing the woman's mental crisis and taking it upon themselves.
Aggressive and sensitive attitudes due to hormonal changes should be considered normal, just like before and during the menstrual period.
It should be accepted that the hormonal change experienced by the woman during menopause cannot be prevented and that
it has psychological reflections. In particular, emotionally supportive
behavior from the spouse will enable the woman to experience less
the psychological problems she may encounter during this period.
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