Obesity is, yes, the leading disease of the modern world. Today, obesity and sedentary life lie at the root of many diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation in the body that impairs health. If it is necessary to make a definition in the acute period, BMI (Body Mass Index) classification provides priority data. BMI is the value obtained by dividing the square of the height in meters by the person's weight. (BMI = kg/m2)
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<16 Extreme underweight
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16-16.9 moderate weakness
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17-18.49 mild weakness
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<18.5
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18.5-24.9 healthy individual
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25-30 overweight (pre obese)
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30-40 obese individuals
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40-50 morbid (fatal) obesity
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50 super morbid obesity
According to this classification, those over 25 are defined as overweight, and those over 30 are defined as obese. While this test, which is a general measure of obesity, provides data at the demographic level, body analysis devices that separate the body's response to a low dose of electric current based on the waist-hip ratio and bioelectrical impedance method as fat-muscle-water according to the responses of the tissues will provide a clear diagnosis.
Waist-to-hip ratio measurement of >80-88 in women and 94-102 in men creates a risk of obesity. According to the body analyzer, the fat rate (adiposity) in women should be between 20-30% and in men 12-20%.
Obesity also includes:
-Anatomically; slim build, medium build, thick build
-According to fat distribution or gender; apple type (android), pear type (gynoid)
-Etiologically; from overnutrition (exogenous), congenital (endogenous)
-Physiologically; It is classified as hypertrophic (volume of fat cells is large) and hyperplastic (number of fat cells is high).
When we look at the fat distribution, an individual with apple-type obesity is more at risk because they will have more abdominal fat than an individual with pear-type obesity. Because abdominal fat is around the organs. Since it also increases fat tissue, it paves the way for health problems.
According to the World Health Organization;
In 2016; 1.9 billion adults are overweight, and more than 650 million adults are obese! 39% of adults are defined as overweight and 13% are obese.
41 million children under the age of 5 and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 are overweight or obese. The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016. Even in Africa, there has been a 50% increase in obesity since 2000. Yes, our world is rapidly gaining weight and inviting many diseases. Some diseases caused by obesity can be listed as follows.
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Insulin resistance - Hyperinsulinemia
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Hypertension
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Coronary artery disease
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Hyperlipidemia – Hypertriglyceridemia
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Metabolic syndrome
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Gallbladder diseases
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Some types of cancer (gall bladder diseases in women) bladder, endometrium, ovarian and breast cancers, and colon and prostate cancers in men)
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Osteoarthritis
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Sleep apnea
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Fatty liver
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Asthma
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Breathing difficulty
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Pregnancy complications
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Menstrual irregularities
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Excessive hair growth
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Increased risks of surgery
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Eating disorders
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Impairments in skin health
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Musculoskeletal system problems
SO WHAT IS THE SOLUTION?
Obesity is preventable and treatable. It is a disease. Of course, the first treatment approach to be applied should be medical nutrition therapy. In addition, exercise and behavior change programs should be implemented. Additionally, drug treatment and surgical intervention can be performed when necessary.
With a multidisciplinary approach, a team consisting of doctors, dietitians, psychologists and sports trainers should closely deal with the issue. The dietitian prepares a personalized diet by taking into account blood tests, body analysis, and nutritional habits. It should be prepared and checked at regular intervals to ensure that the process continues properly. Contrary to negative habits that cause weight gain, it is essential to gain positive behaviors and make them sustainable.
A nutrition program with increased nutritional diversity and restricting the intake of simple sugar, packaged products and salt will increase success. A lifestyle with increased water consumption and exercise ensures a permanent healthy and fit appearance. In addition, efforts should be increased to increase social access to healthy food and to offer affordable options suitable for every consumer profile.
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