As life expectancy from birth increases, idleness (dementia) has become one of the geriatric syndromes that we begin to encounter quite frequently. While it is seen in 5% of the population over the age of 65, this rate increases to 35-50% after the age of 85. While there are approximately 47.5 million individuals with dementia all over the world as of 2015, this figure will be 75.5 million after 15 years.
In individuals, memory, learning, remembering, orientation, language functions, perception, decision-making, planning, executive functions and Personality changes, mood disorders and progressive loss in cognitive, behavioral and functional areas such as personal care and daily basic-instrumental life activities are observed. Although the most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's Disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, metabolic diseases and vitamin deficiencies can also cause dementia. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is made late because the disease progresses insidiously and its symptoms are often considered a result of normal aging. However, when diagnosed in the early stages, the progression of the disease can be slowed down and the caregiver burden can be alleviated.
Cognitive functions of patients can be evaluated by applying tests such as mini mental state assessment test, three words and clock drawing. In forgetfulness due to normal aging, which can easily be confused with dementia, daily life is not affected, new things can be learned, judgment and decision making are normal, and the clinical picture is not progressive are important clues supporting the diagnosis.
Different medical and non-medical methods that can be combined with each other are important clues. There are treatment options. As a result of the treatment, the patient can continue his daily life activities, behavioral symptoms and caregiver burden decrease, placement in nursing homes is prolonged, and cognitive and functional deterioration slows down.
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