The inside of the uterus consists of two layers. The innermost thin layer is called endometrium. Menstrual bleeding every month
occurs as a result of the thinning and shedding of this layer. The thick layer just outside of this is the muscle tissue
, that is, the myometrium. Menstrual bleeding occurs 14 days after ovulation. In women who menstruate regularly, the lining of the uterus thickens every month and is shed during menstruation. Normally, the amount of blood lost during menstrual period should not exceed 80 ml. Bleeding outside the menstrual period or excessive menstrual bleeding
is not normal. In addition, it is not normal for a woman who has entered menopause to have vaginal bleeding even though she is not using hormonal medications. There may be different reasons for bleeding irregularity. The cause may vary, especially depending on the age of the woman.
In this article, I will give brief information about the causes of irregular bleeding and the tests that need to be done, especially in women who have gone through puberty and have not entered menopause, that is, in women of childbearing age
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During the ovulation period, due to the sudden change of hormones, ovulation bleeding may occur in some women
and is normal. Bleedings, which we call breakthrough bleeding, may also occur in women using birth control pills.
Some women's ovulation is not regular and they experience slight or heavy vaginal bleeding at unexpected times. Although not ovulating is a condition that is frequently seen in the first years of adolescence and the transition to menopause, it is not normal for a woman of childbearing age to experience it, but it can still occur at any time in a woman's life.
Those who ovulate normally every month. Some women's menstrual bleeding may be excessive enough to cause anemia. Or there may be breakthrough bleeding. Of course, the common
causes of this abnormal situation may be one or more of myomas, endometrial polyps, and adenomyosis. Myoma develops from the muscular
layer of the uterus. Adenomyosis is the abnormal growth of the endometrium tissue in the innermost part of the uterus into the muscle. Polyps are growths such as skin tags
that develop from the innermost layer called endometrium.
Other causes of bleeding are:
Pregnancy
Cancer or precancerous disease in the cervix or uterus. changes
Cervix� � or inflammation of the uterus
Bleeding coagulation disorder
Hypothyroidism, liver disease or chronic kidney disease
Women with abnormal bleeding should definitely have a blood count, pregnancy test, thyroid hormone and female
hormones tested.
Especially if there is no hormonal reason, office hysteroscopy, which is the evaluation of the inside of the uterus with endoscopy, should be performed to investigate whether the problems listed above are present.
Bleeding problem. In women with diabetes, treatment is performed for the problem detected during hysteroscopy. Even if nothing can be detected during hysteroscopy
, a biopsy should be taken from the uterus. Thus, it is determined whether the bleeding
is due to any cancer.
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