It is normal to have some complaints during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. The most common of these complaints is fatigue seen in the 1st and 2nd month of pregnancy. The cause of fatigue is the increase in the workload of the heart and the energy need of the mother.
What are the Common Disorders During Pregnancy?
Pregnancy nausea and vomiting 70-80% of pregnant women complain of nausea and vomiting. In 2-5% of pregnant women, these findings may be severe. Pregnant women are evaluated in detail by the doctor according to the duration and severity of nausea experienced during the day, and the number of vomiting (vomiting 5 times or more requires further examination).
How is it Treated?
Nausea during pregnancy and severe vomiting requiring treatment are observed less frequently in expectant mothers who take multivitamin therapy before conception. Again, frequent but small meals, avoiding fatty and spicy foods, and consuming protein-rich foods will reduce complaints.
As drug therapy, drugs such as vitamin B6, metoclopramide (metpamide), trimethobenzamide (emedur) can be used. Severe cases may need to be treated by hospitalization in terms of fluid and electrolyte loss. It may occur in pregnant women due to hormonal changes and the pressure created by the growing abdomen.
There is relaxation in the lower part of the esophagus and an increase in acid secretion in the stomach.
What are the Measures to Prevent Reflux During Pregnancy?
- Increasing the number of pillows or making the head of the bed upright
- Avoiding spicy foods, coffee and chocolate,
- Avoiding excessive weight gain as it will further increase intra-abdominal pressure,
- Not going to bed with a full stomach immediately after meals
- Eating small meals at frequent intervals can reduce complaints.
Anti-acid drugs can be used in expectant mothers whose reflux complaints do not regress with preventive measures. Anti-acids are safe products, but long-term and high-dose Since the metal salts they contain accumulate in the body, they should be used under the supervision of a doctor.
In cases where anti-acids are insufficient, drugs called H2 receptor antagonists can also be used. Since this group of drugs cross the placenta, they should be used under the control of a doctor.
Constipation during pregnancy: Constipation during pregnancy is a common condition, especially in the first 3 months and more in the last 3 months. The reason is that the hormone progesterone slows down the movements of the small and large intestines.
- Taking plenty of fluids,
- increasing physical activity,
- eating with fiber foods are among the measures to be taken against constipation.
Influenza infections and sinusitis in pregnancy: Influenza and sinusitis are common during pregnancy. Especially in the flu epidemic, it is important that the expectant mother does not stay in closed places for a long time in order to prevent airborne transmission through droplets.
Since the immune system is also affected during pregnancy, such diseases may progress longer and more severely.
As treatment; taking plenty of fluids and consuming freshly squeezed fruit juices both meet the fluid needs of the expectant mother and compensate for some of the nutritional deficit caused by the decrease in her appetite.
Vaginal discharge and fungal infections during pregnancy: Vaginal discharges during pregnancy, fungal infections are more common in summer. It can cause complaints such as odor in the urine, burning, foul-smelling discharge, itching in expectant mothers. Excessive sweating and lack of air in closed parts of the body may cause an increase in susceptibility to these infections.
Preventive measures; keeping these areas dry and clean, taking a warm shower every day, wearing cotton and comfortable clothes that will prevent sweating and keeping the skin moist. It should not be forgotten that pools are an important source of spread especially for fungal infections.
Staining on the face and skin during pregnancy: Since the pigment hormone called melanin is at high levels, the risk of sun rays to cause stains on the face and skin is higher.
High protective factor as a preventative. Strong sunscreens should be preferred. Quality sunglasses and wide-protected hats, light-colored clothing should be preferred as they reflect sunlight. Excessive salt intake should be avoided in order to prevent water retention in the body and therefore swelling. It is also beneficial to sleep by placing a pillow under the feet and keeping the feet slightly elevated.
Pregnant women should wear comfortable shoes that are half a size larger than their normal foot size, and should remove their wedding rings and rings if there is edema in the hand.
What are the Diseases?
Celiac disease: It is okay for women with celiac disease to become pregnant, but there are some important points to be considered during pregnancy.
Anemia is common during pregnancy. In women with celiac disease, the necessary iron and vitamin supplements should be given regularly, taking into account that the absorption rate of nutrients in the digestive system will be low.
Skin diseases during pregnancy: Various skin diseases may occur due to hormonal changes and effects on the immune system. Since some of these diseases can be dangerous, it is of great importance to consult a doctor and take precautions when the symptoms first occur.
Pregnant women should strictly follow gluten-free diet nutrition programs. When foods containing gluten are taken, it should be known that vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, irritability, extreme weakness, abdominal distension, growth retardation in children, thinness of arms and legs develop. If possible, it is recommended that women with Celiac disease plan motherhood and start taking folic acid before pregnancy begins.
Goiter (thyroid) disease: Goiter, which is the second most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age (t If thyroid) disease is not treated during pregnancy, it causes miscarriage, rupture of the planseta, hypertensive crisis and growth retardation in the fetus. If pregnant, the risk of miscarriage is high. Since the low level of thyroid hormones in the expectant mother will cause developmental problems in the brain functions of the baby, it should be treated quickly. Hyperthyroidism (high thyroid hormones) in the expectant mother causes the baby's thyroid gland to work too much. If the expectant mother is not treated, the effects on the newborn; It is premature birth, low birth weight and neonatal hyperthyroidism.
Albumin disease: Preeclampsia, which is known as pregnancy poisoning among the people, is characterized by the blood pressure of the mother-to-be higher than 140/90 mmHg and protein in the urine after the 20th week of pregnancy.
Uterine As a result of the excessive narrowing of the vessels that line the bed, the fetus' partner (placenta) does not receive enough blood and the development of the baby in the mother's womb is negatively affected. Early termination of pregnancy and raising the newborn in an incubator may be required. This condition usually resolves spontaneously at birth; It does not require any treatment.
PUPP disease: Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPP) disease is a common but self-limiting skin disease with rash during pregnancy. Although it is not known why it develops, it is thought that it develops in multiple pregnancies and in the last trimester, with excessive stretching of the anterior abdominal wall, collagen antigens enter the circulation and trigger itchy rash. Topical steroid pomades are used to reduce itching and moisturizers are used to preserve the moisture of the skin.
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