1-CHECKS DURING PREGNANCY
2-ALL KINDS OF INFORMATION ABOUT POSTnatal FOLLOW-UP PREGNANCY QUESTIONS
Pregnancy The duration is 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual bleeding. (280 days) The estimated birth date is calculated as follows (the name of this formula is the Nagele formula):
The first day of the last menstrual period + 7 days – 3 months + 1 year
Example 1: The estimated birth date of a pregnant woman whose last menstrual period was on the first day of May 17, 2010: 17 + 7 days – 3 months + 1 year = February 24, 2011.
Example 2 : The estimated birth date of a pregnant woman whose first day of last menstrual period is 28 October 2010 is: 28 + 7 days – 3 months + 1 year = 3 August 2011.
Note:Menstruation In a pregnant woman with delays, the day of ovulation will be delayed and the day of conception will be later. Therefore, one should not stick too closely to this formula.
Week by week pregnancy (pregnancy) monitoring-control
In a normal pregnancy, once a month until the 30th week, once every 15 days between the 30th and 36th weeks, and once a month until the 36th week. It is necessary to be checked once a week between the 40th week. If pregnancy is risky, for example; Pregnant patients with chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, type 2 diabetes, growth retardation of the baby in the womb, premature birth in previous pregnancies, or premature opening of the water bladder may need to be checked more frequently than the normal pregnancies mentioned above, according to the doctor's recommendations.
How much does a woman's WEIGHT increase during pregnancy?
The total weight that a pregnant woman of average height and average weight should gain during pregnancy is expected to be 12 kg. 6-7 kilos of these kilos belong to the mother, and the rest belong to the baby, water bladder, placenta (partner) and appendages. The distribution of maternal weight gain is as follows: 1-Increased fat stores, 2-Increased blood volume, 3-Increase in total body fluid, 4-Increases in breast tissue.
How should NUTRITION be during pregnancy?
How should NUTRITION be during pregnancy? strong>
During pregnancy, a protein-rich diet, calcium, essential fatty acids, iron, B vitamins complex, folic acid, magnesium and zinc should be taken more than normal.
Anemia During Pregnancy ( What is anemia? iron and fo How should liquefied acid be used?
The biggest physiological change during pregnancy is that the woman's blood volume increases (expands) by 50%. This situation; “It causes physiological anemia of pregnancy.” The total daily iron requirement during pregnancy is 800mg. Folic acid is a coenzyme of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. It is very important in the blood production of the pregnant woman, the growth of the baby and the development of the placenta (partner). The need for folic acid increases 2 times during pregnancy.
What can happen to a pregnant woman in case of anemia and folic acid deficiency?
Anemia during pregnancy causes premature births and urinary tract infections. why could it be. It also causes low resistance to postpartum bleeding. In folic acid deficiency: the risk of neural tube defects increases. Anomalies (such as anencephaly, spina bifida, meningomyolocele) are common. In addition, the risk of chromosomal disorders (such as Down syndrome) increases significantly in folic acid deficiency compared to normal pregnant women.
What is the need for calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy?
The need increases, hence calcium absorption. Its absorption in the intestines increases. The excretion of calcium from the urine decreases. Compared to normal women, calcium need increases by 400gr during pregnancy. That is 1200gr per day. This amount is equivalent to 1 liter of milk or dairy products. Pregnant women who cannot consume enough milk and dairy products need external calcium supplements. In addition, the need for vitamin D has increased by 200 units per day.
How should SALT CONSUMPTION be during pregnancy?
Pregnant women should definitely consume iodized salt. They should neither consume too much salt nor eat without salt. They should take as much salt as they normally should, that is, as a sweetener.
How should zinc consumption be during pregnancy?
The risk of infection increases in pregnant women who are deficient in zinc. Zinc has a protective effect against infections in the child's water bladder.
CHANGES IN WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY AND THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW
What is CHEERING during pregnancy?
It is a form of compulsive behavior due to abnormal food consumption. The most common craving for clay, starch and ice appears. The reason for the craving is bloodless It is lik. Iron is also given in the treatment.
What causes NAUSEA during pregnancy?
It usually starts in the first weeks and can continue from the 4th to the 14th week. The reason is the lazy functioning of the stomach due to the increase in the pregnancy hormone progesterone and HCG. If excessive vomiting occurs, weight loss, acidosis due to ketone increase, dehydration (signs of fluid loss) and electrolyte loss occur, which include; It is called "hyperemesis gravidarum". In this case, the patient needs to be followed up in the hospital and compensate for what she has lost.
Should there be SMOKING and tobacco use during pregnancy?
It is definitely not recommended. It reduces the birth weight of the mother and the fetus (baby). It may lead to premature births, premature separation of the placenta (detachment), EMR (premature membrane rupture), that is, premature rupture of the water sac. Sometimes it can cause pregnancy bleeding. In pregnant women who smoke, the birth weight of their babies decreases by an average of 200g.
Should there be alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
It causes fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). It can cause prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, facial deformities, abnormalities in the heart and joints, and mental retardation.
How should sports and EXERCISE be during pregnancy?
Exercise should be done at different intervals. and exercise does not cause any major harm to the fetus. However, continuous heavy sports can cause growth retardation, i.e. underweight, of the baby (fetus) in the womb. Birth is prohibited in multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets), pregnant women with hypertension, pregnant women with a history of premature birth, and pregnant women who have previously given birth to low birth weight babies. In such cases, they even need to limit their pre-pregnancy activities.
How should TRAVEL be during pregnancy?
There is no harm in conventional traveling during pregnancy. However, during pregnancy, long sitting should be avoided due to the possibility of stasis (stopping or slowing down of venous circulation) in the venous circulation (circulation returning to the heart through the veins). Pregnant women should take frequent breaks during long car journeys and take walks. Traveling on pressure-regulated planes does not pose any harm to pregnancy.
STOMACH BURNING DURING PREGNANCY. Why does ASI occur?
This complaint is frequently seen in the last stages of pregnancy. Reason; It is caused by changes due to the pregnancy hormone progesterone and the fact that the uterus pushes the stomach upwards due to growth and the food in the stomach flows back into the esophagus. In treatment, antacids such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate (talcid and rennie) solve this problem. In addition, one should avoid overeating and eat small and frequent meals.
Why does BACK PAIN occur during pregnancy?
During pregnancy, the front ends of the pelvis bone (hip bone), called the pubis bone, are separated by half a cm. In the waist, the slope between the lumbar vertebrae and the hip bone increases. For this reason, there is pain both in the front of the hip and in the separated pubic bone in the front. Due to the increase in the slope of the waist, lordosis develops and pregnant women walk like lords.
Why does constipation occur during pregnancy?
1-During pregnancy, water reabsorption is very high in the large intestines. Therefore, the intestines become dehydrated and lazy.
2-With the effect of the pregnancy hormone progesterone, the intestines become atonic (less functional)
3-The growing uterus puts mechanical pressure on the intestines.
>Solution: One should drink plenty of water and consume more vegetables and fruits.
Why do varicose veins occur during pregnancy?
In pregnant women, there is increased venous flow in the legs and thigh (calf) areas. pressure can increase varicose veins on the legs and external genital organs, such as the outer labia majora. For solution; The feet should be elevated and elastic-supported pantyhose should be worn. In case of external lip varicose veins, firm support should be given by placing a few pads in the vagina and anus area (perineum).
How should SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP be during pregnancy?
In pregnant women with a previous history of miscarriage, the first 3 months Sexual intercourse is prohibited inside. Apart from this, sexual intercourse is prohibited after the 32nd week in high-risk pregnant women. These high-risk pregnancies are: Sexual intercourse is prohibited after the 32nd week for patients who have had premature rupture of the water sac in a previous pregnancy, have previously given birth prematurely, or have had very severe contractions or bleeding in their uterus after sexual intercourse. It should not be forgotten that; Pregnant women who have orgasm during sexual intercourse after the 32nd week There is a risk of premature birth.
How should VAGINAL CLEANING be done during pregnancy?
A pregnant woman can enter the bathtub because the water in the bathtub does not rise up from the vagina. Vaginal douche should not be syringe type, if it is syringe type douche, the syringe tip should not be inserted more than 7.5cm from the vagina. The vagina can be washed with a douche bag.
What are the contractions in the abdomen and groin (bractonhix contractions) during pregnancy?
It starts around the 16th week. It comes 3 or 4 times a day. Its feature is that it is one-sided. This may be called uterine growing pains. It is a physiological (normal) situation. If it is bilateral and occurs rhythmically every hour, it should be taken seriously and the doctor should be informed.
WHEN CAN BABY MOVEMENTS BE felt during pregnancy?
Towards the 20th week in first-time pregnancies, in pregnant women who have given birth before. It begins to be felt in the 16th week.
When is the baby's GENDER determined and checked during pregnancy?
In the fetus inside the uterus, the ovaries are in the abdomen in both female fetuses and male fetuses until the 12th week. Before the 12th week, gender determination cannot be determined by ultrasound. In male fetuses, the ovaries descend into the bags after the 12th week. Therefore, the most reliable gender determination by ultrasound should be done after the 14th week.
SCREENING TESTS DURING PREGNANCY
What are the tests that should be done in the first 3 months of pregnancy?
Blood type, complete blood count, complete urinalysis and urine culture, PAP smear, biochemistry tests, blood sugar, toxoplasma and rubella (rubella) antibodies, TSH examination, Also evaluation of fetal development with ultrasound, mother and Tests such as evaluating the father's blood groups and investigating whether there is Rh incompatibility are performed. Among these tests, chlamydia culture should be performed in women who have had a history of chlamydia infection.
What is the double screening test (double test)?
In the first trimester of pregnancy (within the first 3 months). It is one of the tests performed. It should be done between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy. Its reliability is 90%. The way it is done is as follows: Under ultrasound on the same day, the baby's nuchal translucency and
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