Developmental Hip Dysplasia
The disease, commonly known as congenital hip dislocation, but whose scientific and correct name is developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), is a disease in which the hip joint is normal during its development in the womb. However, it is a dynamic disease that occurs due to various pathologies that can occur during birth and postnatal period. The normal anatomical relationship between the head part of the hip joint (femoral head) and the socket (acetabulum) is disrupted. This condition can be seen as growth retardation in the hip (acetabular dysplasia) and hip The joint may be semi-dislocated or fully dislocated.
Early diagnosis and treatment of developmental hip dysplasia is very important. Therefore, postnatal general check-up of the baby and then 30-45 weeks of age are very important. It is important to have a hip examination and hip ultrasonography performed between days.
While bandage and orthosis treatment will be sufficient for the first 6 months of treatment in the majority of patients, closed reduction and casting, which is the next step of the treatment, should be applied in patients who cannot get satisfactory results with this treatment. .
As general information, closed casting with limited muscle relaxation should be performed in children between 6-12 months of age, and open surgery should be performed in children older than 12 months. Age limits are not absolute rules, in exceptional cases, in line with the patient's special situation and the physician's experience. . The treatment protocol may vary depending on the patient.
It is very important to recognize and diagnose the disease early and apply the necessary treatment.
Perthes Disease
Perthes disease is a blood supply (nutrition) disorder that occurs in childhood, manifests itself with disruption, and occurs for unknown reasons in the head of the hip joint. It is 5 times more common in men. Depending on the severity of the disease and factors related to the patient, it is almost completely While recovery can be achieved, serious sequelae and permanent disabilities can also occur. may cause.
The aim of the treatment of Perthes disease is to prevent deformation of the hip joint throughout the course of the disease and to prevent the development of degenerative coxarthrosis (hip calcification) in adulthood. The patient's age, clinic and radiological findings are used as indicators of whether the disease will progress in a good or bad direction. Some Good results can be obtained in patients with non-surgical treatments such as rest, lifestyle change, off-loading, physical therapy, etc., but in some patients, a wide variety of surgical treatment options are considered to stop the severe course of the disease or to address the sequelae that occur.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a hip-related condition that is often seen in adolescence. It is a pathology. It is popularly known as slippage of the oma bone. It can be defined as the slippage of the growth nucleus (epiphysis) located at the head of the thigh bone in the hip joint.
It is more common in overweight boys in the age of rapid growth. Treatment varies depending on age, onset time of the disease and degree of slippage. In early and low-grade slippages, treatment can be done with a simpler procedure with closed screwing, while in advanced and severe cases, it can be done with a simpler procedure. Treatment of chronic misalignments may require more complex surgeries.
Cerebral palsy and hip
Children with cerebral palsy have normal hip structure when they are born, but as a result of excessive contraction of some muscles around the hip, the hip Semi-dislocation and full dislocation may occur. In this case, if surgical interventions for the prevention and treatment of hip dislocation are necessary, they should be applied from infancy. In order to take early precautions, patients should be followed up with hip radiographs taken at regular intervals.
Hip septic arthritis
Hip septic arthritis It is an inflammatory condition caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi in the joint membrane and intra-articular fluid. The source of the inflammatory agent may be direct trauma, blood flow or spread from neighboring organs. In cases of septic arthritis, fever, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, etc. are usually observed. findings are detected. Swelling, redness, increased temperature, sensitivity and limitation of movement in the joint are the main symptoms. A symptom called pseudoparalysis, that is, false paralysis, is observed in newborn babies. The child does not move his leg at all. If these clinical findings are supported by the examinations, the diagnosis of septic arthritis is made. The treatment of septic arthritis of the hip is emergency surgery. The inflammation in the hip is drained and the joint is washed, followed by long-term antibiotic treatment and the child is treated closely. follow-up is required. It should not be forgotten that septic arthritis may cause serious permanent damage to the hip joint as a result of untimely application and delayed interventions.
Transient (temporary) synovitis of the hip
It is the most common cause of hip pain and lameness in childhood. It is most common between the ages of 4-8. It is twice as common in boys than in girls. It is usually an upper respiratory infection that was experienced weeks ago. It can occur following an intestinal infection or the use of certain medications. Inflammation and edema occur in the membrane surrounding the hip joint, and this situation usually resolves within 1 week. Treatment consists of rest and the use of painkillers and edema-dissolving medications.
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