The presence of blood in the urine is called "hematuria". Visible bleeding is called “macroscopic hematuria.” “Microscopic hematuria” is when blood is seen in the urine analysis requested by the doctor and only under the microscope.
Seeing blood in the urine is a worrying situation and the cause must be determined. Although in most cases it occurs due to benign diseases such as urinary tract infection, urinary tract stone disease, kidney cysts, prostate enlargement, it is also possible that it is due to a more serious and malignant disease. Treatment varies depending on the underlying disease.
How does it show?
The visible sign of bleeding in the urine is pink, red or cola-colored urine and the presence of red blood cells. points out. Even small amounts of blood cause the urine to appear red and are usually painless. Pain may occur if there are blood clots in the urine. Bleeding into the urine usually does not cause any other findings or complaints.
When should you consult a doctor?
If there are findings suggestive of bleeding in the color of the urine, a doctor should be consulted.
When should you consult a doctor? p> Urine color may be red due to reasons such as some medications, foods and exercise. In this case, the color change in the urine will resolve spontaneously within a few days. Since bleeding may regress spontaneously within a few days in some malignant diseases, red or bleeding urine should not be directly attributed to causes such as medication, food or exercise, and a doctor should be consulted immediately. What are the causes? The number of blood cells seen in the urine is around 3-4 and this number is considered normal. Bleeding in the urine can occur from any area that urine comes into contact with, such as the kidneys, the urinary duct called the ureter, the bladder, the prostate, and the urinary duct called the urethra. Although the cause varies depending on age, urinary tract infections, urinary tract infections, urinary tract infections are common in people under the age of 40. stone disease, heavy exercise, accidents, kidney diseases and prostate infections; Although urinary tract infections are at the forefront after the age of 40, the frequency of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer in men, and kidney and bladder cancer in both men and women begins to increase. Urinary tract infections: These are infections that occur as a result of bacteria settling and multiplying in the urinary bladder and kidneys. Bladder infection called cystitis is accompanied by complaints of urgent desire to urinate, pain and burning sensation during urination, and foul-smelling urine, in addition to bleeding in the urine. In the presence of kidney infection, high fever and flank pain occur in addition to these complaints. In prostate infections, complaints similar to those that occur in prostate enlargement, such as difficulty urinating and frequent urination, are observed. Urinary tract stone disease: It occurs when the minerals in the urine come together, grow and become stones. Stones are generally painless and do not cause any symptoms unless they cause an obstruction in the urinary tract called the ureter. Complaints such as severe pain and often visible bleeding in the urine are observed with the stone. Prostate enlargement: Enlargement of the prostate gland, which is located just below the urinary bladder and surrounds the urinary tract called urethra, frequently occurs in men over the age of 40 and may cause bleeding in the urine. Kidney diseases: Bleeding in the urine also occurs in diseases called nephritis, which occur in the filter system of the kidney. Cancer: The diseases that worry the most in the presence of bleeding in the urine are cancer diseases. Bleeding in the urine occurs in the presence of kidney, bladder and prostate cancer. The common point of all these cancers is smoking. Blood clotting in the urine that does not cause pain may be a sign of bladder cancer and should be evaluated urgently. Kidney and prostate cancers only cause bleeding in the urine in advanced stages. Hereditary diseases: Bleeding in the urine occurs in hereditary diseases such as sickle cell anemia and Alport syndrome. Kidney injuries: Bleeding in the urine is seen in kidney injuries resulting from accidents and blows. dies. Drugs: Some cancer drugs can cause bleeding in the urine.
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Heavy exercise: Although it is quite rare, it is not clear why heavy exercise causes urinary bleeding. Although it is seen in every athlete after intense exercise, it occurs most frequently in long-distance runners.
How is it diagnosed?
It is detected in the urine. In order to determine the cause of bleeding, a doctor's examination must first be performed and the patient must be evaluated with urine, blood and radiological tests.
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Physical examination
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Urine analysis
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Urine culture
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Blood analysis
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Ultrasonography (USG) )
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Computed Tomography (CT)
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
If the cause of bleeding cannot be determined as a result of examination and tests, endoscopic examination should be performed. For this purpose, a simple anesthesia is applied, devices with special cameras are used to enter the urinary tract and the urinary bladder, urinary duct called ureter and kidney collecting system can be evaluated, and if necessary, tissue samples can be taken for pathological examination.
In some cases, detailed information can be taken. Despite research, the cause cannot be found and it is recommended to be followed up at regular intervals.
How is it treated?
There is no specific treatment for bleeding in the urine, treatment is applied according to the underlying cause. Antibiotic treatment is used for urinary tract infections, reduction of prostate size with drug treatments or surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia, shock wave therapy or surgical intervention for urinary tract stone disease, and surgical intervention for bladder tumors.
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