The period we call the early period is the period when the memories of the individual from childhood or adolescence are stored in cognition. We can define early maladaptive schemas as negative experiences that the person generalizes. These negative experiences consist of cognitions, emotions, beliefs, physical experiences and memories. These experiences can also be evaluated through the person's relationships with both himself and others. The first seed planted in childhood germinates in adolescence. The seed planted will grow throughout the person's life and will function depending on their awareness of their schemas or their ability to cope with their schemas.
Most of the time, people establish closer relationships with people with whom they have their own schemas. This even includes choosing a spouse and permanent friendships, and this actually creates a more difficult process in terms of correcting the person's relationship and the problems experienced. Having identical schemas together literally increases the nutrition of the schemas.
Early incompatible schemas also have priority in terms of time and formation. The schemas closest to the person's self are generally formed in the place where the person first started life, in the family, where the mother, father and child are. The person also places the schemas of the family he grew up with among his emotions and behaviors in his life.
1.1.4. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Fields
Young and his colleagues limited the early maladaptive schemas to 18. These areas are generally created by determining the most common ones as a result of in-depth research, observations and clinical evaluations. A person can have one schema or multiple schemas.
1.1.4.1.Separation and Rejection
Our first area is The separation and rejection schema is related to the person's search for security and attachment efforts. It is the area where the child's need for care, security and safety needs and their continuity and continuity are established from the first moments of the child. Individuals with schemas in this area may have experiences with their families such as long separations, abuse, illness, death and post-death mourning, and rejection. leave There are 5 different types of schemes in the field of a and rejection.
1.1.4.1.1. Abandonment and Instability
People with this schema may have experienced serious breakdowns of trust at some point in their lives. The death or illness of a loved one or the separation or divorce of a mother or father during childhood are major triggers for the formation of this schema. Individuals with this schema often feed their schema by associating with unreliable people from whom they feel the possibility of abandonment. If there is no possibility of abandonment and they have a regular, reliable and stable relationship that loves them, big problems can be created even in small events, and after these problems, the following thought may arise: "This time, I have to leave before he leaves!"
1.1.4.1.2.Distrust and Abuse
People with a distrust scheme They think that they may be in constant danger from other people. Humiliation, abuse, disrespect for one's values, being lied to, or being harmed by others means danger for them. The person generally thinks that these situations that he perceives as dangerous are done deliberately and consciously. People with this schema are often anxious. This schema may be the result of sexual, physical, emotional or verbal abuse experienced in childhood. While this abuse sometimes comes from a parent or relative, it can sometimes come from peer bullying. It has been observed that individuals with this schema are constantly seeking caution about life or people. These people do not like to take too many risks in the decisions they make in their lives.
1.1.4.1.3. Emotional Deprivation
It has been mentioned before that there are four important factors in the development of early maladaptive schemas, the primary of which is basic needs. Among the basic needs, emotional needs are also included in order for a person to live his life in a healthy way. This emotional need When the person's needs are not met in sufficient quantities, an emotional deprivation scheme occurs. Emotional deprivation schema can be seen in three ways: lack of care-involvement, lack of empathy and lack of protection. Lack of empathy is the person's lack of being understood, listened to, able to express himself, and share his feelings with others. The lack of power, direction and guidance needed by others constitutes the lack of protection from the person. Lack of love, affection, attention and friendship constitute lack of care.
Deprivation arising from these 3 different reasons may not manifest itself intensely in the person. Most of the time, the person does not feel this deficiency. Most of the time, these people run their lives smoothly.
1.1.4.1.4. Defectiveness/Shame
It is the perception of oneself as flawed, worthless, ashamed, useless, dysfunctional and unattractive. For people with this schema, significant others are often more important than others. How they are and how they appear in the eyes of others is of great importance to them, and in addition to all this, they can sometimes read minds about what others think of them. People with this schema constantly compare themselves to others. This comparison may have started in childhood by parents or significant others. Bad experiences such as comparison and embarrassment in childhood have activated the feeling of worthlessness and belittlement in the person.
1.1.4.1.5. Social Isolation/Alienation
People who host this schema often feel distant and different from other people. These people do not feel like they belong to a community. This schema usually occurs as a result of problems experienced in social life outside of home life. Individuals with this schema usually also have a fault schema. Since individuals with social isolation lack courage, encouragement should also be given.
1.1.4.2. Impaired Autonomy and Self-Assertion
The main problems of individuals with these domain schemas are that their families cannot create autonomy and that negative experiences focused on success and performance pave the way for the formation of new schemas. These people often feel independent, insecure, unsuccessful and weak. Negative experiences slow down the formation of a person's sense of self and identity. The person will often not feel adequate.
1.1.4.2.1.Dependency and Disability
These people need help from others in their daily lives. Many cannot do their jobs without it. They will seek help from others in most of the things they want to accomplish in their lives. When they make important decisions, spend money, get a job, or travel long-term, they get carried away by the decisions of the people they trust. This schema may occur when parents make decisions on behalf of the individual in childhood, do not impose responsibility on the individual, or have excessive expectations from their children. The formation of this schema may be suspected, especially in individuals who are eager to do whatever the therapist says. People with dependent personality disorder may have a dependency schema.
1.1.4.2.2. Invulnerability to Harm and Disease
The person is always worried about something bad happening in his life. These people have the fear that I may get sick, I may be badly affected by this event, something contagious may come to me from outside and I may not be able to cope with it. These people can experience external disasters in three different ways: Firstly, they are medical disasters caused by concerns such as heart attack, not being able to breathe, fear of death, getting AIDS, malaria due to fly bites. The person may also show weakness through emotional reactions, which appear as loss of self and going crazy. Finally, we can also see the vulnerability scheme with environmental factors, and these factors may confront people with fears such as natural disasters, traffic accidents, plane crashes, elevator crashes. The common characteristics of people who experience these diseases and those who have this scheme are hypochandriasis, that is, hypochondria and anxiety disorder. This is because this lifestyle is common. The parents of these people did the real damage by trying to protect the child against the danger that may occur in childhood, and actually harmed the child rather than protecting it.
1.1.4.2.3. Enmeshment/Underdeveloped Self
People with this schema are extremely involved and involved in social life with one person in their lives. The feature that distinguishes introverted people from dependent people is that introverts are actually disturbed by this situation. They do not find it right to act dependent on someone else or to spend their lives stuck to someone else, and they describe this as suffocation. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is frequently seen in people who host this schema.
1.1.4.2.4. Failure
Individuals with this schema have received negative feedback from their significant others and caregivers during childhood and adolescence, and have subsequently made themselves accept the thought that they cannot do or cannot succeed. We suspect a failure schema when a person feels inadequate or unsuccessful compared to his or her peers, competitors, or people in the workplace. The person perceives himself as incompetent, inadequate, unintelligent, untalented not only in school, business life, but also in areas such as social activities, sports, exercise, and art.
1.1.4.3 . Damaged Boundaries
People with these area schemas are generally people who were raised comfortably by their families, unrestricted, independent, and not burdened with responsibility. These people are pointed out by society as "spoiled and pampered" by others. The irresponsibility, indiscipline and freedom that families impose on their children create two different schemas in the person in the future.
1.1.4.3.1. Entitlement and Grandiosity
People with this schema often feel very special. They believe that they are different from other people, superior and have very special privileges. For these people, being successful, being strong, being at the forefront, being rich is important.
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